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General Psych > G PSY CH 12 & 14 SG > Flashcards

G PSY CH 12 & 14 SG Flashcards

1
Q

Social Psychology

A

Examines how people affect each other (situational factors in human response)

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2
Q

Social cognition

A

THE WAY PEOPLE THINK ABOUT OTHERS, ATTEND TO SOCIAL INFORMATION & USE THE INFORMATION IN THEIR LIVES

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3
Q

Cognitive dissonance

A

State of tension that results when behaviors are inconsistent with attitudes

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4
Q

Obedience

A

Changing behavior because we have been ordered to do so by an authority figure

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5
Q

Prejudice

A

negative attitudes and feelings toward individuals based solely on their membership in a particular group

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6
Q

Interpersonal attraction

A

The factors that lead us to form friendships or romantic relationships with others

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7
Q

Stress

A

Process where an individual perceives and responds to events that are overwhelming or threatening to them

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8
Q

Primary appraisals

A

judging degree of harm or threat to well-being

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9
Q

Selye’s general adaptation syndrome of stress

A

describes the physiologic changes your body goes through as it responds to stress

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10
Q

Chronic stress

A

It’s nonstop (illness and poverty)

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11
Q

PTSD

A

Mental health problem that some people develop after experiencing or witnessing a life-threatening event, like combat, a natural disaster, a car accident, or sexual assault

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12
Q

Type A

A

competitive, aggressive, impatient, and often hostile pattern of behaviors
(Hostility has been linked to cardiovascular disease)

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13
Q

Locus of control

A

differences in perceived sense of control stem from beliefs about where control resides

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14
Q

Coping and stress management

A

the cognitive, behavioral, and emotional abilities used to manage something that is perceived as difficult or challenging (Nutrition, Exercise, Relaxation, Progressive muscle relaxation, Mindfulness meditation, Social Support)

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15
Q

Resilience

A

face life stressors and challenges and you bounce back

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16
Q

Self-serving bias

A

Making internal attributions for your successes and making external attributions for your failures

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17
Q

Actor-observer bias

A

phenomenon of explaining other people’s behaviors are due to internal factors and our own behaviors are due to situational forces

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18
Q

Social norm

A

Is a set of group expectations for appropriate thoughts and behaviors of its members.

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19
Q

On his first day of soccer practice, Jose suits up in a t-shirt, shorts, and cleats and runs out to the field to join his teammates. Jose’s behavior is reflective of ________.

A

a script

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20
Q

Script

A

person’s knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting

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21
Q

Fitting in

A

When it comes to buying clothes, teenagers often follow social norms

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22
Q

Social roles

A

Socially defined pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group

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23
Q

Attitudes

A

It describe our evaluations of people, objects, and ideas.

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24
Q

Why does Cognitive dissonance cause discomfort?

A

Because it disrupts our sense of consistency

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25
Q

Central route to persuasion

A

The audience must be analytical and motivated for what to be effective?

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26
Q

Normative social influence

A

Conformity to a group norm to fit in, feel good, and be accepted by the group

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27
Q

Informational social influence

A

conformity to a group norm prompted by the belief that the group is competent and has the correct information

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28
Q

Social loafing

A

An individual’s performance cannot be evaluated especially when the task is easy

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29
Q

Groupthink

A

Group members modify their opinions to align with a perceived group consensus

30
Q

________ occurs when the out-group is blamed for the in-group’s frustration.

A

scapegoating

31
Q

Confirmation bias

A

When we seek out information that supports our stereotypes we are engaged in

32
Q

Typically, bullying from boys is to ________ as bullying from girls is to ________.

A

physical harm; emotional harm

33
Q

Diffusion of responsibility

A

Tendency for no one in a group to help because the responsibility to help is spread throughout the group

34
Q

Altruism

A

Humans’ desire to help others even if the costs outweigh the benefits of helping

35
Q

After moving to a new apartment building, research suggests that Sam will be most likely to become friends with ________.

A

his next door neighbor

36
Q

What trait do both men and women tend to look for in a romantic partner?

A

physical attractiveness

37
Q

According to the triangular theory of love, what type of love is defined by passion and intimacy but no commitment?

A

romantic love

38
Q

According to social exchange theory, humans want to maximize the ________ and minimize the ________ in relationships.

A

benefits; costs

39
Q

Triangular theory of love

A

Model of love based on three components: intimacy, passion, and commitment; several types of love exist, depending on the presence or absence of each of these components

40
Q

At which stage of Selye’s general adaptation syndrome is a person especially vulnerable to illness?

A

exhaustion

41
Q

During an encounter judged as stressful, cortisol is released by the ________.

A

adrenal glands

42
Q

According to the Holmes and Rahe scale, which life event requires the greatest amount of readjustment?

A

death of spouse

43
Q

Daily hassles

A

minor irritations and annoyances that are part of our everyday lives and are capable of producing stress

44
Q

What is one of the major criticisms of the Social Readjustment Rating Scale?

A

It does not take into consideration how a person appraises an event.

45
Q

Job burnout

A

General sense of emotional exhaustion and cynicism in relation to one’s job; consists of three dimensions: exhaustion, depersonalization, and sense of diminished personal accomplishment

46
Q

Lymphocytes

A

The white blood cells that attack foreign invaders to the body

47
Q

The risk of heart disease is especially high in individuals with…

A

depression

48
Q

The most lethal dimension of Type A behavior pattern seems to be ________.

A

hostility

49
Q

Perceived control

A

Peoples’ beliefs concerning their capacity to influence and shape outcomes in their lives

50
Q

Individuals that tend to tolerate stress well have…

A

high levels of social support

51
Q

Learned helplessness

A

Inability of dogs to attempt to escape avoidable shocks after having received inescapable shocks

52
Q

Happiness

A

Enduring state of mind consisting of joy, contentment, and other positive emotions; the sense that one’s life has meaning and value

53
Q

What is positive affect?

A

State or a trait that involves pleasurable engagement with the environment, the dimensions of which include happiness, joy, enthusiasm, alertness, and excitement

54
Q

Flow

A

state involving intense engagement in an activity; usually is experienced when participating in creative, work, and leisure endeavors

55
Q

Attribution

A

BELIEFS ONE DEVELOPS TO EXPLAIN HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND SITUATIONS

56
Q

Attribution errors

A

TENDENCY TO OVERESTIMATE INTERNAL INFLUENCES OF OTHERS’ BEH. & UNDERESTIMATE SITUATIONAL INFLUENCES (Fundamental attribution error, Just-world hypothesis, Self-serving bias, False consensus effect)

57
Q

Conformity

A

Tendency to modify behaviors, attitudes, beliefs, and opinions to match those of others

58
Q

Compliance

A

Changes in behavior at the request or direction of another person or group, who in general does not have any true authority

59
Q

Discrimination

A

negative actions toward individuals as a result of their membership in a particular group

60
Q

Stereotypes

A

specific beliefs or assumptions about individuals based solely on their membership in a group, regardless of their individual characteristics

61
Q

Eustress

A

the stress response to agreeable or positive stressors

62
Q

Distress

A

the stress response to unpleasant and undesirable stressors

63
Q

Acculturative stress

A

stress that occurs when people move to new countries or cultures and must adjust to a new way of life

64
Q

Stressors

A

things that cause us stress

65
Q

Secondary appraisals

A

judging options available to cope with stress & how effective options will be

66
Q

Acute stress

A

It’s More Short-lived (Exams)

67
Q

Type B

A

relaxed, patient, and nonaggressive pattern of behaviors

68
Q

Type D

A

worry, tension, avoid dealing with problems directly

69
Q

Hardiness C’s

A

•Commitment—sense of purpose in what do
•Control—believe are things that can you can control
•Challenges—enjoy the challenge

70
Q

Foot-in-the-door technique

A

involves making a small request first, followed by a larger request

71
Q

Door-in-the-face technique

A

involves making a large request first, followed by a smaller request

72
Q

What is optimism?

A

Tendency toward a positive outlook and positive expectations

General Psych (7 decks)

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