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General Psych > G PSY CH 12 & 14 SG > Flashcards

G PSY CH 12 & 14 SG Flashcards

1
Q

Social Psychology

A

Examines how people affect each other (situational factors in human response)

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2
Q

Social cognition

A

THE WAY PEOPLE THINK ABOUT OTHERS, ATTEND TO SOCIAL INFORMATION & USE THE INFORMATION IN THEIR LIVES

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3
Q

Cognitive dissonance

A

State of tension that results when behaviors are inconsistent with attitudes

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4
Q

Obedience

A

Changing behavior because we have been ordered to do so by an authority figure

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5
Q

Prejudice

A

negative attitudes and feelings toward individuals based solely on their membership in a particular group

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6
Q

Interpersonal attraction

A

The factors that lead us to form friendships or romantic relationships with others

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7
Q

Stress

A

Process where an individual perceives and responds to events that are overwhelming or threatening to them

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8
Q

Primary appraisals

A

judging degree of harm or threat to well-being

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9
Q

Selye’s general adaptation syndrome of stress

A

describes the physiologic changes your body goes through as it responds to stress

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10
Q

Chronic stress

A

It’s nonstop (illness and poverty)

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11
Q

PTSD

A

Mental health problem that some people develop after experiencing or witnessing a life-threatening event, like combat, a natural disaster, a car accident, or sexual assault

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12
Q

Type A

A

competitive, aggressive, impatient, and often hostile pattern of behaviors
(Hostility has been linked to cardiovascular disease)

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13
Q

Locus of control

A

differences in perceived sense of control stem from beliefs about where control resides

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14
Q

Coping and stress management

A

the cognitive, behavioral, and emotional abilities used to manage something that is perceived as difficult or challenging (Nutrition, Exercise, Relaxation, Progressive muscle relaxation, Mindfulness meditation, Social Support)

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15
Q

Resilience

A

face life stressors and challenges and you bounce back

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16
Q

Self-serving bias

A

Making internal attributions for your successes and making external attributions for your failures

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17
Q

Actor-observer bias

A

phenomenon of explaining other people’s behaviors are due to internal factors and our own behaviors are due to situational forces

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18
Q

Social norm

A

Is a set of group expectations for appropriate thoughts and behaviors of its members.

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19
Q

On his first day of soccer practice, Jose suits up in a t-shirt, shorts, and cleats and runs out to the field to join his teammates. Jose’s behavior is reflective of ________.

A

a script

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20
Q

Script

A

person’s knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting

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21
Q

Fitting in

A

When it comes to buying clothes, teenagers often follow social norms

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22
Q

Social roles

A

Socially defined pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group

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23
Q

Attitudes

A

It describe our evaluations of people, objects, and ideas.

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24
Q

Why does Cognitive dissonance cause discomfort?

A

Because it disrupts our sense of consistency

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25
Central route to persuasion
The audience must be analytical and motivated for what to be effective?
26
Normative social influence
Conformity to a group norm to fit in, feel good, and be accepted by the group
27
Informational social influence
conformity to a group norm prompted by the belief that the group is competent and has the correct information
28
Social loafing
An individual’s performance cannot be evaluated especially when the task is easy
29
Groupthink
Group members modify their opinions to align with a perceived group consensus
30
________ occurs when the out-group is blamed for the in-group’s frustration.
scapegoating
31
Confirmation bias
When we seek out information that supports our stereotypes we are engaged in
32
Typically, bullying from boys is to ________ as bullying from girls is to ________.
physical harm; emotional harm
33
Diffusion of responsibility
Tendency for no one in a group to help because the responsibility to help is spread throughout the group
34
Altruism
Humans’ desire to help others even if the costs outweigh the benefits of helping
35
After moving to a new apartment building, research suggests that Sam will be most likely to become friends with ________.
his next door neighbor
36
What trait do both men and women tend to look for in a romantic partner?
physical attractiveness
37
According to the triangular theory of love, what type of love is defined by passion and intimacy but no commitment?
romantic love
38
According to social exchange theory, humans want to maximize the ________ and minimize the ________ in relationships.
benefits; costs
39
Triangular theory of love
Model of love based on three components: intimacy, passion, and commitment; several types of love exist, depending on the presence or absence of each of these components
40
At which stage of Selye’s general adaptation syndrome is a person especially vulnerable to illness?
exhaustion
41
During an encounter judged as stressful, cortisol is released by the ________.
adrenal glands
42
According to the Holmes and Rahe scale, which life event requires the greatest amount of readjustment?
death of spouse
43
Daily hassles
minor irritations and annoyances that are part of our everyday lives and are capable of producing stress
44
What is one of the major criticisms of the Social Readjustment Rating Scale?
It does not take into consideration how a person appraises an event.
45
Job burnout
General sense of emotional exhaustion and cynicism in relation to one’s job; consists of three dimensions: exhaustion, depersonalization, and sense of diminished personal accomplishment
46
Lymphocytes
The white blood cells that attack foreign invaders to the body
47
The risk of heart disease is especially high in individuals with…
depression
48
The most lethal dimension of Type A behavior pattern seems to be ________.
hostility
49
Perceived control
Peoples’ beliefs concerning their capacity to influence and shape outcomes in their lives
50
Individuals that tend to tolerate stress well have…
high levels of social support
51
Learned helplessness
Inability of dogs to attempt to escape avoidable shocks after having received inescapable shocks
52
Happiness
Enduring state of mind consisting of joy, contentment, and other positive emotions; the sense that one’s life has meaning and value
53
What is positive affect?
State or a trait that involves pleasurable engagement with the environment, the dimensions of which include happiness, joy, enthusiasm, alertness, and excitement
54
Flow
state involving intense engagement in an activity; usually is experienced when participating in creative, work, and leisure endeavors
55
Attribution
BELIEFS ONE DEVELOPS TO EXPLAIN HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND SITUATIONS
56
Attribution errors
TENDENCY TO OVERESTIMATE INTERNAL INFLUENCES OF OTHERS’ BEH. & UNDERESTIMATE SITUATIONAL INFLUENCES (Fundamental attribution error, Just-world hypothesis, Self-serving bias, False consensus effect)
57
Conformity
Tendency to modify behaviors, attitudes, beliefs, and opinions to match those of others
58
Compliance
Changes in behavior at the request or direction of another person or group, who in general does not have any true authority
59
Discrimination
negative actions toward individuals as a result of their membership in a particular group
60
Stereotypes
specific beliefs or assumptions about individuals based solely on their membership in a group, regardless of their individual characteristics
61
Eustress
the stress response to agreeable or positive stressors
62
Distress
the stress response to unpleasant and undesirable stressors
63
Acculturative stress
stress that occurs when people move to new countries or cultures and must adjust to a new way of life
64
Stressors
things that cause us stress
65
Secondary appraisals
judging options available to cope with stress & how effective options will be
66
Acute stress
It’s More Short-lived (Exams)
67
Type B
relaxed, patient, and nonaggressive pattern of behaviors
68
Type D
worry, tension, avoid dealing with problems directly
69
Hardiness C’s
•Commitment—sense of purpose in what do •Control—believe are things that can you can control •Challenges—enjoy the challenge
70
Foot-in-the-door technique
involves making a small request first, followed by a larger request
71
Door-in-the-face technique
involves making a large request first, followed by a smaller request
72
What is optimism?
Tendency toward a positive outlook and positive expectations

General Psych (7 decks)

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