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General Psych > G PSY CH 15 & 16 SG > Flashcards

G PSY CH 15 & 16 SG Flashcards

1
Q

Psychological disorders

A

A set of behavioral, emotional, cognitive symptoms that are significantly distressing and/or disabling in terms of social functioning, work endeavors, and other aspects of life

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2
Q

Person-first language

A

Helps to remove (stigma a person with schizophrenia)

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3
Q

How does the DSM-5 diagnose psychological disorders?

A

It provides clear, highly detailed definitions of mental health and brain-related conditions

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4
Q

Role of cultural expectations for psychological disorders

A

They can play a significant role in the development, perception, and treatment of psychological disorders

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5
Q

Major treatments for psychological disorders

A

Biomedical therapy, psychological, eclectic, integrative

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6
Q

Anxiety disorders

A

A group of psychological disorders associated with extreme anxiety and/or debilitating, irrational fears

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7
Q

Major depressive disorder

A

A major episode in evidence, five or more of the symptoms are present

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8
Q

What are the symptoms of major depressive disorder?

A

Depressed mood reduced pleasure, substantial weight change, sleeping irregularities, feeling tired, feeling worthless, difficulty thinking, and thoughts of death or suicide

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9
Q

What are the characteristics, symptoms, causes, and treatments of bipolar disorder?

A

It involves extreme mood swings, from manic highs to depressive lows. It’s caused by a mix of genetic, brain, and environmental factors. Treatment often includes medication, therapy, lifestyle adjustments, and a support network.

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10
Q

Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD)

A

Characterized by a lack of regard for others’ rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds

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11
Q

What are the characteristics, symptoms, and causes of eating disorders?

A

It involves disturbed eating behaviors like severe food restriction (anorexia nervosa), binge eating followed by purging (bulimia nervosa), and recurrent binge eating (binge-eating disorder). Causes include genetic factors, psychological issues, and societal pressures

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12
Q

What are the characteristics, symptoms, causes, and treatment of schizophrenia?

A

Distorted thinking, hallucinations, delusions. Causes include genetics and brain chemistry. Treatment involves medication, therapy, and support services

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13
Q

Typicality

A

Degree to which behavior is atypical, meaning rarely seen or statistically abnormal

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14
Q

Dysfunction

A

Degree to which behavior interferes with daily life and relationships

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15
Q

Distress

A

Degree to which behavior or emotions cause an individual to feel upset or uncomfortable

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16
Q

Dangerous

A

Is the person of danger to themselves?

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17
Q

Continuum

A

Anyone can have experiences that were simple symptoms of psychological disorders, this is where behaviors, and feelings exist

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18
Q

COMORBIDITY

A

Diagnosed with more than one disorder

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19
Q

DSM-5

A

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

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20
Q

Biopsychosocial perspective

A

(Diathesis-stress) Complex interaction of biological, psychological, and social cultural factors (widely held model)

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21
Q

Biological causes of psychological disorders

A

Genes, neurotransmitters, brain

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22
Q

Psychological causes of psychological disorders

A

Thinking, learning, personality

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23
Q

Sociocultural

A

Poverty

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24
Q

major depressive disorder

A

A study based on over 9,000 U. S. residents found that the most prevalent disorder was ________.

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25
Q

biological

A

Dr. Anastasia believes that major depressive disorder is caused by an over-secretion of cortisol. His view on the cause of major depressive disorder reflects a ________ perspective.

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26
Q

Which of the following best illustrates a compulsion?

A

mentally counting backward from 1,000

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27
Q

are related to hyperactivity in the orbitofrontal cortex

A

Research indicates that the symptoms of OCD ________.

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28
Q

What elevates the risk for developing PTSD?

A

severity of the trauma

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29
Q

memory loss following stress

A

Dissociative amnesia involves ________.

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30
Q

difficulty relating to others

A

One of the primary characteristics of autism spectrum disorder is ________.

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31
Q

are impulsive and unpredictable

A

People with borderline personality disorder often ________.

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32
Q

emotional deficits

A

Antisocial personality disorder is associated with ________.

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33
Q

deinstitutionalization

A

The process of closing large asylums and providing for people to stay in the community to be treated locally

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34
Q

are an imminent threat to themselves or others

A

Today, most people with mental health issues are not hospitalized. Typically they are only hospitalized if they ________.

35
Q

group therapy

A

A treatment modality in which 5–10 people with the same issue or concern meet together with a trained clinician is known as ________.

36
Q

culture and background

A

The sociocultural perspective looks at you, your behaviors, and your symptoms in the context of your ________.

37
Q

Which of the following was listed as barriers to mental health treatment?

A

fears about treatment, language, transportation

38
Q

What is a major approach to therapy?

A

As many as half of today’s therapist use a combined approach, integrating multiple methods (CBT)

39
Q

Biomedical therapy

A

Drugs and other physical interventions

40
Q

Psychological therapy

A

A treatment where a trained therapist helps people understand and overcome their mental health challenges (focus on psychological factors)

41
Q

Behavioral therapy

A

A type of therapy that focuses on a behavioral change, using principles of learning

42
Q

Cognitive therapy

A

A type of therapy aimed at addressing the maladaptive thinking that leads to maladaptive behaviors and feelings

43
Q

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

A

A combination of both behavior and cognitive therapy methods

44
Q

Anxiety

A

Cognitive competent (worry) and physical response

45
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder

A

Characterized by an excessive amount of worrying about everything (companied by physical symptoms)

46
Q

Panic attacks

A

Sudden, extreme fear or discomfort that escalates quickly often with no (obvious trigger, physiological symptoms, classical conditioning may play role in the development of panic disorder)

47
Q

Therapies for GAD and panic disorder

A

Anti-anxiety drugs, Xanax and Ativan fast acting but addictive, lethal with alcohol, antidepressants are sometimes used, and cognitive behavioral therapy

48
Q

Specific phobias

A

A psychological disorder that includes a distinct fear or anxiety and relation to an object or situation

49
Q

Treatment for phobias

A

Behavioral treatment combining anxiety hierarchies with relaxation techniques, progressive muscle relaxation, build an anxiety hierarchy, and exposure

50
Q

Obsessive compulsive disorder OCD

A

Characterized by obsessions and compulsions

51
Q

Obsession

A

A thought and urge that happens repeatedly, intrusive and unwelcome causes anxiety

52
Q

Compulsion

A

Of behavior that a person repeats in an effort to reduce anxiety

53
Q

Biology of OCD

A

Reduced activity of serotonin, orbitofrontal cortex decision-making becomes hyperactive, genetics

54
Q

Body dysmorphic disorder

A

Disorder of imagined ugliness excessive focus on perceived defects in appearance

55
Q

What are the types of anxiety disorders?

A

Generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, specific phobia, agoraphobia, social anxiety disorder

56
Q

What are the types of OCD?

A

Trichotillomania, body dysmorphia disorder, hoarding, excoriation

57
Q

Suspected major depressive disorder

A

Occurred for at least two consecutive weeks and represent a change from prior functioning, cause significant distress or impairment, are not due to a medical or drug-related condition

58
Q

What are the top two antidepressant medication?

A

Prozac and Zoloft

59
Q

Mood-stabilizing drugs

A

Medications that minimize the lows of depression and the highs of mania (Lithium and Depokote)

60
Q

Delusions

A

Strange or false beliefs that a person firmly maintains even when presented with evidence to the contrary

61
Q

What are the three types of delusions?

A
  1. GRANDEUR ((COMMON) SOMEONE OF IMPORTANCE)
  2. PERSECUTION ((COMMON)
    SOMEONE OUT TO GET YOU)
  3. CAP-GRAS ((RARE) CLOSE RELATIVE or friends IS AN IMPOSTER)
62
Q

Hallucinations

A

False sensory impressions (Auditory most common ( voices))

63
Q

Borderline personality disorder (BPD)

A

Involves unstable moods, behaviors, and relationships, often with impulsivity and intense emotions

64
Q

Anorexia nervosa

A

Weight loss driven by fear of being overweight, distorted body image, and insufficient calorie intake to maintain a healthy weight, resulting in extremely low body weight. It has the highest death rate among psychological disorders

65
Q

Treatment Resistant Depression

A

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) and Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) are used for severe OCD cases but may not always work. Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) is another option for treatment-resistant depression and is sometimes used for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia

66
Q

What’s new in the field of treatment for depression?

A

(Ketamine (club drug)) Esketamine is a nasal spray that treats depression in conjunction with oral antidepressants, helping them to work better

67
Q

Psychological factors of major depression

A

Learned helplessness refers to the belief that one has no control over outcomes, leading to passive behavior. Beck’s Cognitive Triad involves a negative outlook on experiences, self, and the future

68
Q

Trichotillomania

A

Hair pulling

69
Q

Hoarding disorder

A

Unable to discard objects

70
Q

Feeling some depression is normal it considered the…

A

“COMMON COLD OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY”

71
Q

Bulimia nervosa

A

Secretive overeating followed by purging (vomiting, laxatives, exercise). Excessive concern about weight; binges lack control, purging brings relief

72
Q

Binge-eating disorder

A

It involves episodes of extreme overeating, feeling out of control, but without attempts to purge afterward

73
Q

Diathesis-Stress Model

A

suggests that developing schizophrenia involves genetic predisposition (diathesis) and environmental triggers (stress)

74
Q

Possible cause of major depression

A

Genetics, Hormones, Neurotransmitters, Norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine, Life event (Role of the environment)

75
Q

What kind of episodes can a patient have with bipolar disorder?

A

Depressive episodes and Manic episodes (ME: Continuous elation, high energy, expansive mood, and irritability)

76
Q

Antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia

A

2 types: typical antipsychotics and atypical antipsychotics (drugs reduce symptoms, they do not cure schizophrenia)

77
Q

Schizophrenia symptoms

A

Positive (added) symptoms: Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, abnormal motor behavior.
Negative (taken) symptoms: Decreased emotional expression, motivation, speech production, functioning, and pleasure

78
Q

Dissociative amnesia

A

A dissociative disorder that causes memory loss about personal information, usually from a traumatic or stressful event

79
Q

Involuntary treatment

A

Therapy that is mandated by the courts or other systems

80
Q

Intake

A

Therapist’s first meeting with the client in which the therapist gathers specific information to address the client’s immediate needs (client’s concerns, support network, insurance, confidentiality, fees, and what to expect in sessions)

81
Q

Nondirective therapy

A

Therapeutic approach in which the therapist does not give advice or provide interpretations but helps the person identify conflicts and understand feelings

82
Q

Play therapy

A

Therapeutic process, often used with children, that employs toys to help them resolve psychological problems

83
Q

Brain with Schizophrenia

A

Thinning of cortex, enlarged ventricles, and reduced size—may be tied to cognitive control THALAMUS ABNORMALITIES PLAYS A ROLE IN SENSORY & PERCEPTUAL PROBLEMS (Social stress and Cannabis abuse related to slightly increased risk)

General Psych (7 decks)

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