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General Psych > G PSY CH 7 SG > Flashcards

G PSY CH 7 SG Flashcards

1
Q

What is cognition?

A

it is thinking, and it encompasses the processes associated with perception, learning, knowledge, problem solving, judgment, language, and memory

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2
Q

Problem solving

A

the variety of approaches that can be used to achieve a goal

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3
Q

Solving the problems step by step:

A
  1. Understand the problem
  2. Choose an approach to solve the problem
  3. Evaluate your approach
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4
Q

What are the pitfalls of problem solving?

A

functional fixedness, mental sets, emotional barriers, and confirmation bias

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5
Q

Functional fixedness

A

occurs when familiar objects can only be imaged to function in their normal or usual way

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6
Q

Emotional barriers

A

anxiety, stress, depression

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7
Q

Confirmation bias

A

the tendency to look for advice that uphold your beliefs and to overlook advice that runs counter to them

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8
Q

Cognitive psychology

A

Is the branch of psychology that focuses on the study of human thinking

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9
Q

Concept

A

category or grouping of linguistic information, objects, ideas, or life experiences

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10
Q

Prototype

A

a mental image or best example of a category

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11
Q

Which of the following is an example of a prototype for the concept of leadership on an athletic team?

A

the team captain

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12
Q

Artificial concept

A

concept that is defined by a very specific set of characteristics

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13
Q

Which of the following is an example of an artificial concept?

A

a triangle’s area

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14
Q

Schema

A

(plural = schemata) mental
construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts

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15
Q

Event schema

A

set of behaviors that are performed the same way each time; also referred to as a cognitive script

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16
Q

Syntax

A

manner by which words are organized into sentences

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17
Q

__________ are the smallest
unit of language that carry meaning.

A

Morphemes

18
Q

Semantics

A

the set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language; also, the study of meaning

19
Q

_____________ is (are) the basic sound units of a spoken language.

A

Phonemes

20
Q

Algorithm

A

problem-solving strategy characterized by a specific set of instructions

21
Q

Insight

A

sudden stroke of clarity (AHA!)

22
Q

Heuristic

A

A mental shortcut in the form of a general problem-solving framework

23
Q

Trial and error

A

problem-solving strategy in which multiple solutions are attempted until the correct one is found

24
Q

Mental set

A

using strategies that you have always used even if they don’t work well

25
Q

Which type of bias involves becoming fixated on a single trait of a problem?

A

anchoring bias

26
Q

Representative bias

A

A bias involves relying on a false stereotype to make a decision

27
Q

Fluid intelligence is characterized by ___________.

A

being able to see complex relationships and solve problems

28
Q

Gardner introduced
multiple intelligences eight different types consisting of:

A

Linguistic, Logical/Mathematical, Spatial, Bodily-Kinesthetic, Musical, Interpersonal, and Naturalist

29
Q

Triarchic theory of intelligence

A

Sternberg’s theory of intelligence; three facets of intelligence: practical, creative, and analytical

30
Q

Which theorist put forth the triarchic theory of intelligence?

A

Robert Sternberg

31
Q

Analytical intelligence

A

aligned with academic problem solving and computations

32
Q

Analytical

A

When you are examining data to look for trends

33
Q

Representative sample

A

subset of the population that accurately represents the general population

34
Q

The mean score for a person with an average
IQ is …

A

100

35
Q

Intelligence quotient
(IQ)

A

score on a test designed to measure intelligence

36
Q

Who developed the IQ
test most widely used today?

A

David Wechsler

37
Q

Intellectual disability

A

a condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life; varies from mild to profound

38
Q

The DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) now
uses _________ as a
diagnostic label for what was once referred to as mental r****.

A

intellectual disability

39
Q

Where does high intelligence come from?

A

genetics and environment

40
Q

Arthur Jensen believed that …

A

genetics was solely responsible for intelligence

41
Q

Neurological disorder

A

a disease of the nervous system that impairs a person’s health, resulting in some level of disability

42
Q

What is a learning disability?

A

a neurological disorder

General Psych (7 decks)

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