G PSY CH 1, 2, 3 SG

Question 1

Psychology

Answer 1

SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF BEHAVIOR, MENTAL PROCESSES

Question 2

What are the subfields of psychology?

Answer 2

-NEUROPSYCHOLOGY
PSYCHOLOGY & BIOLOGY
-CLINICAL
ASSESS & TREAT MENTAL ISSUES
-DEVELOPMENTAL
CHANGES THRU LIFESPAN
-FORENSIC
PSYCHOLOGY & LAW
-HEALTH
HEALTH & WELLNESS
-INDUSTRIAL-ORGANIZATIONAL (I/O)
PSYCHOLOGY & BUSINESS
-SOCIAL
INDIVIDUALS IN SOCIAL INTERACTIONS

Question 3

Behavioral perspective

Answer 3

behavior is learned primarily through associations, reinforcers, and observation

Question 4

Humanistic perspective

Answer 4

humans are naturally inclined to grow in a positive direction

Question 5

Cognitive perspective

Answer 5

behavior is driven by cognitive processes

Question 6

Evolutionary perspective

Answer 6

humans have evolved characteristics that help them adapt to the environment increasing their chances of surviving and reproducing

Question 7

Psychoanalytic perspective

Answer 7

underlying conflicts influence behavior

Question 8

Biological perspective

Answer 8

Behavior and mental processes arise from physiological activity

Question 9

Sociocultural perspective

Answer 9

other people and the broader cultural context, influence behavior and mental processes

Question 10

Biopsychosocial perspective

Answer 10

behavior and mental processes are shaped by a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors

Question 11

Structuralism

Answer 11

-WUNDT & TITCHNER
-CONSCIOUS MIND
-HOW FORM SENSATIONS, IMAGES, & FEELINGS
-METHOD—INTROSPECTION
-breaking down mental processes into the most basic components
-CONTRIBUTION—STARTING POINT FOR PSYCHOLOGY

Question 12

Functionalism

Answer 12

-STUDY WAY MIND FUNCTIONS TO ENABLE HUMANS TO ADAPT TO ENVIRONMENT
-MIND
-BEHAVIOR
-LEADER— JAMES
-METHOD
-NO STRUCTURED METHOD
-PROBLEM
-NO WAY TO GATHER INFO
-CONTRIBUTION–BROADEN SCOPE OF PSY.

Question 13

Gestalt psychology

Answer 13

a movement in psychology founded in Germany in 1912, seeking to explain perceptions in terms of gestalts rather than by analyzing their constituents (patterns or configuration)

Question 14

Hypothesis

Answer 14

proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation

Question 15

Theory

Answer 15

a system of ideas intended to explain something, especially one based on general principles independent of the thing to be explained

Question 16

What are the steps of the scientific method?

Answer 16

-Develop a question (theory)
-Develop a hypothesis (prediction)
-Design study and collect data
-Analyze the data
-Publish the findings

Question 17

Naturalistic observation

Answer 17

STUDY SUBJECTS IN NATURAL SETTING

Question 18

Case study

Answer 18

INDEPTH STUDY OF 1 PERSON

Question 19

Survey

Answer 19

ESTIMATES ATTITUDES OR BEHAVIORS OF A POPULATION

Question 20

Correlation

Answer 20

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN 2 FACTORS (DOES NOT MEAN CAUSE & EFFECT)

Question 21

Experiment

Answer 21

ANSWERS QUESTIONS ABOUT CAUSES, 1 OR MORE FACTORS (VARIABLES) MANIPULATED TO SEE EFFECT ON SOME BEHAVIOR

Question 22

Longitudinal research

Answer 22

researchers repeatedly examine the same individuals to detect any changes that might occur over a period of time

Question 23

Cross-sectional research

Answer 23

observational studies that analyze data from a population at a single point in time

Question 24

Illusory correlations

Answer 24

a perceiver that two variables are associated with each other, even though they were not associated in the information on which the judgment was based

Question 25

Confirmation bias

Answer 25

the tendency to interpret new evidence as confirmation of one's existing beliefs or theories (you grade student A's work higher than student B's for no specific reason)

Question 26

Central nervous system

Answer 26

receiving, processing, and responding to sensory information (brain and spinal cord)

Question 27

Peripheral nervous system

Answer 27

CONVEYS SIGNALS FROM SENSORY RECEPTORS TO CNS & TRANSMITS COMMAND TO MUSCLES

Question 28

Brain

Answer 28

controls thought, memory, emotion, touch, motor skills, vision, breathing, temperature, hunger and every process that regulates our body

Question 29

Spinal cord

Answer 29

send motor commands from the brain to the body, send sensory information from the body to the brain, and coordinate reflexes (transmits information to, and from the brain)

Question 30

Somatic nervous system

Answer 30

CONTROLS SKELETAL MUSCLES VOLUNTARY ACTIVITY

Question 31

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 31

CONTROLS SMOOTH MUSCLES & GLANDS (E.G., HEART) INVOLUNTARY

Question 32

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 32

AROUSING (FIGHT OR FLIGHT)

Question 33

Parasympathetic

Answer 33

RELAXING

Question 34

Dendrites

Answer 34

receiving end of neuron

Question 35

Axon

Answer 35

transmits info

Question 36

Myelin Sheath

Answer 36

white fatty substance that speeds up the neural message

Question 37

Neuron

Answer 37

Nerve cell

Question 38

Sensory neurons (AFFERENT)

Answer 38

CARRY INFORMATION FROM THE SENSE RECEPTORS TO BRAIN

Question 39

MOTOR NEURON (EFFERENT)

Answer 39

CARRY INFORMATION FROM BRAIN TO MUSCLES

Question 40

INTERNEURONS

Answer 40

HELP BRIDGE OR CONNECT SENSORY AND MOTOR NEURONS

Question 41

SAME neurons = ?

Answer 41

Sensory, Afferent, Motor, Efferent

Question 42

Cerebrum

Answer 42

largest part of the brain; two distinct hemispheres

Question 43

Corpus callosum

Answer 43

thick band of nerve fibers connecting the right and left cerebral hemispheres

Question 44

Dopamine

Answer 44

give you feelings of pleasure, satisfaction and motivation

Question 45

Serotonin

Answer 45

mood, sleep, digestion, nausea, wound healing, bone health, blood clotting and sexual desire

Question 46

Endocrine system

Answer 46

glands that make hormones

Question 47

Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 47

-Irreversible, progressive brain disorder -Slowly destroys memory & thinking skills -Eventually a person loses the ability to carry out the simplest tasks

Question 48

Aphasia

Answer 48

-Affects the ability to communicate using language -Usually due to stroke or traumatic injury to the brain (broca’s (speech production) and wernicke’s area (language comprehension))

Question 49

Prosopagnosia

Answer 49

-Inability to recognize faces “Face-blindness” -May be present at birth (congenital) -May be a result of traumatic brain injury, stroke, or degenerative disease