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General Psych > G PSY CH 1, 2, 3 SG > Flashcards

G PSY CH 1, 2, 3 SG Flashcards

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1
Q

Psychology

A

SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF BEHAVIOR, MENTAL PROCESSES

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2
Q

What are the subfields of psychology?

A

-NEUROPSYCHOLOGY
PSYCHOLOGY & BIOLOGY
-CLINICAL
ASSESS & TREAT MENTAL ISSUES
-DEVELOPMENTAL
CHANGES THRU LIFESPAN
-FORENSIC
PSYCHOLOGY & LAW
-HEALTH
HEALTH & WELLNESS
-INDUSTRIAL-ORGANIZATIONAL (I/O)
PSYCHOLOGY & BUSINESS
-SOCIAL
INDIVIDUALS IN SOCIAL INTERACTIONS

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3
Q

Behavioral perspective

A

behavior is learned primarily through associations, reinforcers, and observation

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4
Q

Humanistic perspective

A

humans are naturally inclined to grow in a positive direction

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5
Q

Cognitive perspective

A

behavior is driven by cognitive processes

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6
Q

Evolutionary perspective

A

humans have evolved characteristics that help them adapt to the environment increasing their chances of surviving and reproducing

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7
Q

Psychoanalytic perspective

A

underlying conflicts influence behavior

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8
Q

Biological perspective

A

Behavior and mental processes arise from physiological activity

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9
Q

Sociocultural perspective

A

other people and the broader cultural context, influence behavior and mental processes

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10
Q

Biopsychosocial perspective

A

behavior and mental processes are shaped by a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors

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11
Q

Structuralism

A

-WUNDT & TITCHNER
-CONSCIOUS MIND
-HOW FORM SENSATIONS, IMAGES, & FEELINGS
-METHOD—INTROSPECTION
-breaking down mental processes into the most basic components
-CONTRIBUTION—STARTING POINT FOR PSYCHOLOGY

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12
Q

Functionalism

A

-STUDY WAY MIND FUNCTIONS TO ENABLE HUMANS TO ADAPT TO ENVIRONMENT
-MIND
-BEHAVIOR
-LEADER— JAMES
-METHOD
-NO STRUCTURED METHOD
-PROBLEM
-NO WAY TO GATHER INFO
-CONTRIBUTION–BROADEN SCOPE OF PSY.

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13
Q

Gestalt psychology

A

a movement in psychology founded in Germany in 1912, seeking to explain perceptions in terms of gestalts rather than by analyzing their constituents (patterns or configuration)

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14
Q

Hypothesis

A

proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation

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15
Q

Theory

A

a system of ideas intended to explain something, especially one based on general principles independent of the thing to be explained

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16
Q

What are the steps of the scientific method?

A

-Develop a question (theory)
-Develop a hypothesis (prediction)
-Design study and collect data
-Analyze the data
-Publish the findings

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17
Q

Naturalistic observation

A

STUDY SUBJECTS IN NATURAL SETTING

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18
Q

Case study

A

INDEPTH STUDY OF 1 PERSON

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19
Q

Survey

A

ESTIMATES ATTITUDES OR BEHAVIORS OF A POPULATION

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20
Q

Correlation

A

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN 2 FACTORS (DOES NOT MEAN CAUSE & EFFECT)

21
Q

Experiment

A

ANSWERS QUESTIONS ABOUT CAUSES, 1 OR MORE FACTORS (VARIABLES) MANIPULATED TO SEE EFFECT ON SOME BEHAVIOR

22
Q

Longitudinal research

A

researchers repeatedly examine the same individuals to detect any changes that might occur over a period of time

23
Q

Cross-sectional research

A

observational studies that analyze data from a population at a single point in time

24
Q

Illusory correlations

A

a perceiver that two variables are associated with each other, even though they were not associated in the information on which the judgment was based

25
Q

Confirmation bias

A

the tendency to interpret new evidence as confirmation of one’s existing beliefs or theories (you grade student A’s work higher than student B’s for no specific reason)

26
Q

Central nervous system

A

receiving, processing, and responding to sensory information (brain and spinal cord)

27
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

CONVEYS SIGNALS FROM SENSORY RECEPTORS TO CNS & TRANSMITS COMMAND TO MUSCLES

28
Q

Brain

A

controls thought, memory, emotion, touch, motor skills, vision, breathing, temperature, hunger and every process that regulates our body

29
Q

Spinal cord

A

send motor commands from the brain to the body, send sensory information from the body to the brain, and coordinate reflexes (transmits information to, and from the brain)

30
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

CONTROLS SKELETAL MUSCLES VOLUNTARY ACTIVITY

31
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

CONTROLS SMOOTH MUSCLES & GLANDS (E.G., HEART) INVOLUNTARY

32
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

AROUSING (FIGHT OR FLIGHT)

33
Q

Parasympathetic

A

RELAXING

34
Q

Dendrites

A

receiving end of neuron

35
Q

Axon

A

transmits info

36
Q

Myelin Sheath

A

white fatty substance that speeds up the neural message

37
Q

Neuron

A

Nerve cell

38
Q

Sensory neurons (AFFERENT)

A

CARRY INFORMATION FROM THE SENSE RECEPTORS TO BRAIN

39
Q

MOTOR NEURON (EFFERENT)

A

CARRY INFORMATION FROM BRAIN TO MUSCLES

40
Q

INTERNEURONS

A

HELP BRIDGE OR CONNECT SENSORY AND MOTOR NEURONS

41
Q

SAME neurons = ?

A

Sensory, Afferent, Motor, Efferent

42
Q

Cerebrum

A

largest part of the brain; two distinct hemispheres

43
Q

Corpus callosum

A

thick band of nerve fibers connecting the right and left cerebral hemispheres

44
Q

Dopamine

A

give you feelings of pleasure, satisfaction and motivation

45
Q

Serotonin

A

mood, sleep, digestion, nausea, wound healing, bone health, blood clotting and sexual desire

46
Q

Endocrine system

A

glands that make hormones

47
Q

Alzheimer’s disease

A

-Irreversible, progressive brain disorder
-Slowly destroys memory & thinking skills
-Eventually a person loses the ability to carry out the simplest tasks

48
Q

Aphasia

A

-Affects the ability to communicate using language
-Usually due to stroke or traumatic injury to the brain (broca’s (speech production) and wernicke’s area (language comprehension))

49
Q

Prosopagnosia

A

-Inability to recognize faces “Face-blindness”
-May be present at birth (congenital)
-May be a result of traumatic brain injury, stroke, or degenerative disease

General Psych (7 decks)

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