G PSY CH 5 & 10 SG Flashcards
Sensation
Process where sensory organs receive and detect stimuli (provides the brain info from environment)
Transduction…
is the first step-sending impulses to brain
Perception
Process of organizing and interpreting sensory info (enables us to recognize meaningful objects)
Perception is…
Active process and experience based
What is the between sensation and perception?
Sensation is a physical process, whereas perception is psychological
Synesthesia
Mingling or blending of the senses (cross-activiation in the brain)
Taste (gustation)
Papillae house our tastebuds which contain the sensory receptors for taste (allows us to detect five, basic tastes: sweet, salty, sour, bitter, umami and maybe oleogustus (taste of fat))
Smell (olfaction)
The sensation that results from the detection of odorous substances aerosolized in the environment
Sight (vision)
A variety of neurons that detect colors, shapes, and motion, and that create meaningful perceptions out of the incoming stimuli
Hearing (audition)
Allows one to identify and recognize objects in the world based on the sound they produce, and this makes communication using sound possible
Touch (tactition)
Allows us to receive information about our internal and external environments, making it important for sensory perception
Anosmia
Loss of sense of smell
Supertasters
Person who tastes certain flavors more strongly than others (especially bitter)
Similarity
Group like objects together
Figure Ground
Figure - object of your attention (ground - background)
Closure
Fill in blanks
Gestalt
Examined how pieces of info integrated into meaningful wholes
Motivation
Wants or needs that direct behavior toward a goal
Intrinsic motivation
The drive to do a behavior because it brings a sense of personal satisfaction
Extrinsic motivation
The drive to do or continue a behavior, because of external reinforcers (promotion, money, awards)
Arousal theory
We are motivated to seek an optimal level of arousal (anxiety, surprise, excitement, interest, and fear) or engagement in the world (different for everyone)
Incentive theory
When people behave in a way that they believe will result in a reward in the voice action, that may result in punishment
Drive-Reduction Theory (Homeostasis)
The tendency for bodies to maintain constant states through internal controls
Hierarchy of needs theory
Motivation is the result of a person’s attempt at fulfilling five basic needs: physiological, safety, social, esteem and self-actualization.
Sensation seeking
Tendency to seek out varied complex, novel and intense experiences (extreme sports)
What were the four compliments of sensation seeking?
-thrill and adventure seeking
-experience seeking
-disinhibition
-boredom susceptibility
Need for achievement
A drive to reach and attainable and challenging goals, especially in the face of competition
Need for power
A drive to control or influence others
Mindset research
Believe about yourself and other basic qualities (fixed and growth)
Fixed mindset
Belief that basic talents and intelligence are fixed traits
Growth mindset
Belief that basic abilities can be developed through dedication and hard work
What are ways to develop mindset?
Praising (personal praise and process praise) and if praises come from teachers or parents
What is physiological mechanism of hunger?
Ghrelin, a hormone produced by the stomach, triggers the release of orexin from the hypothalamus, that signals the body
