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PEDs Exam 1 > G&D of a Toddler > Flashcards

G&D of a Toddler Flashcards

1
Q

Birth weight should _____ by 30 months.

A

quadruple

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2
Q

The toddler should achieve what % of adult height by 2 years (24 months)?

A

50%

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3
Q

The toddler may appear to be bowlegged and _____ when he/she walks.

A

potbellied

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4
Q

All _____ teeth should be present, and how many are there?

A

primary; 20

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5
Q

The anterior fontanel closes by what age? (months)

A

18 months

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6
Q

At what age should a toddler be able to kick a ball? (months)

A

24 months (2 years)

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7
Q

At what age should the toddler begin to feed himself/herself with a spoon and drink from a cup? (months)

A

24 months (2 years)

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8
Q

Daytime toilet training can usually be started by what age? (months)

A

24 months (2 years)

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9
Q

Two – three word sentences are spoken by what age? (months)

A

24 months (2 years)

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10
Q

Three – four word sentences are spoken by what age? (months)

A

36 months (3 years)

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11
Q

By 2 1/2 to 3 years, a toddler should be able to say what?

A

Their own first and last name

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12
Q

T/F: Temper tantrums are uncommon in the age group.

A

FALSE; they are very common

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13
Q

What is Erikson’s stage of Psychological Development for this age group?

A

Autonomy vs. shame and doubt

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14
Q

what age group does toddlers include?

A

12 to 36 months/ one to three years old

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15
Q

At what age should a toddler be walking by?

A

15 months

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16
Q

what are some other task that a toddler at 15 months should be able to do?

A
  • walking
  • climbing on anything
  • removing clothing
  • Stoops and recovers
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17
Q

what are some task that a toddler at 18 months should be able to do?

A
  • runs clumsily, falls often
  • walks upstairs with handheld
  • jumps in place with both feet
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18
Q

what is the number one concern for toddlers?

A

injuries and prevention including securing TV and shelves

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19
Q

what tasks should a toddler be able to do by 24 months?

A
  • throw a ball overhand (more control with hands)
  • kicks ball
  • goes up and down stairs with two feet on each step
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20
Q

what are some task that a toddler should be able to do about 30 months?

A
  • jump from chair, steps, anything (safety)

- stands on one foot momentarily

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21
Q

what are some fine motor things that a toddler should be able to do?

A
  • scribbles all over everything
  • dexterity (shows favor to one hand or the other)
  • can use a spoon and toothbrush, but messy
  • wash and dry hands at 24 months
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22
Q

what is negativism?

A

no mentality

23
Q

what is ritualism and how was it accomplished?

A
  • I want things to be the same

- keep a consistent schedule

24
Q

How can you avoid a toddler having a negativism/ no mentality?

A

ask them to help you do something or give them an option between two things

25
Q

what is Piaget’s cognitive development for toddlers?

A
  • sensorimotor

- cause and relationship, but toddlers don’t know not to do it again even if it caused pain the first time

26
Q

what is Kohlberg’s moral development of toddlers?

A
  • moral reasoning, security and self esteem

- pre-conventional or pre-moral phase: whether an action is good or bad depends on whether it is rewarded or punished

27
Q

what are some critical tasks during the toddler period?

A
  • recognition of self as a separate person with own will
  • control of impulses an acquisition of socially acceptable ways to communicate wants and needs
  • control of elimination
  • toleration of separation from parent
28
Q

What is animism?

A

toddler will believe that objects are alive; broomstick=horse

29
Q

what is irreversibility?

A

the toddler can’t see everything that went into cake, they just see the cake itself. they also can’t understand that multiple pieces made a puzzle, they just see the whole puzzle.

30
Q

putting 2 words together occurs at what age ( 25% intelligible)

A

15 to 18 months

31
Q

when is a toddler able to understand simple directions search is 2 to three word faces ( 50% intelligible)

A

24 months, two years

32
Q

By 36 months, three years, a toddler is able to understand simple directions and say ___ to ___ word phrases/sentences ( 75% intelligible).

A

3-4

33
Q

at what age can a toddler say their first and last name?

A

30 months to 36 months, 2 1/2 to three years

34
Q

at what age does a toddler become more of a negotiator and has less tantrums?

A

36 months, three years

35
Q

when communicating with a toddler it is important too do what 2 things?

A
  • ask parents what Childs words are for things like voiding or hunger or a specific body part
  • tell the toddler exactly what you were going to do before you were going to do it
36
Q

What are three distinct parenting issues that occur during toddler years?

A
  • discipline
  • toilet training
  • temper tantrums
37
Q

T/F: Guardians should be recommended to do specific training (toilet training) during a time of moving or arrival of a new sibling?

A

false, do not try to train during stressors which include moving, divorce, surgery, arrival of a new sibling

38
Q

what are signs that show readiness for toilet training and a toddler?

A
  • can remove own clothing
  • is willing to let go of a toy when asked
  • has been walking well for one year
  • notices when diaper is wet
  • communicates need to go to the bathroom
  • wants to please parents by staying dry
  • family not under major stressors
39
Q

what are things the Guardian can do to limit temper tantrums?

A
  • limited language leads to frustration
  • anticipation
  • isolate safely and ignore
40
Q

T/F: Inconsistent parental practices increase frequency of tantrums.

A

true

41
Q

What is some anticipatory teaching that should be provided to the Guardian of a toddler?

A
  • regular mealtimes with utensils that fit
  • meal times with family
  • soft toothbrush, non-fluoride toothpaste
  • limit TV viewing to one hour per day
  • bedtime routine
42
Q

How many hours of sleep does a 1- to 2-year-old need?

A

11 to 14 hours per day including naps.

43
Q

how many hours of sleep does a three- to five-year-old need?

A

10 to 13 hours per day including naps.

44
Q

toddlers have the _____ number of taste buds and the _____ degree of taste sensitivity.

A

higher, therefore they get picky or get stuck on a few foods

45
Q

What are some age appropriate toys for toddler?

A
  • noisemaking, push-pull toys, riding toys, workbench, toy hammers, musical anything, drums, pots and pans
  • blocks, puzzles with very few large pieces
  • finger paints, crayons, clay
  • dolls, stuffed animals
  • toy telephones
  • storybooks with pictures
46
Q

What are the four most common injuries for a toddler?

A
  • accidental poisonings
  • drowning (even in bathtubs)
  • burns (from pots and candles)
  • falls (downstairs , use gates)
47
Q

What are three things that are checked at a well-child visit for a toddler?

A
  • blood lead levels r/t lead poisoning
  • hemoglobin/hematocrit r/t iron deficiency anemia
  • vision screening (checking for strabismus)
48
Q

hospitalization of a toddler interferes with the developmental tasks of developing a sense of ________ and autonomy.

A

control

49
Q

What are the two major fears a toddler encounters during hospitalization?

A

loss of control and separation

50
Q

What are some supportive interventions for toddlers and their families?

A
  • minimize separation from guardian
  • simple, brief explanations
  • ask about home routines and rituals
  • teach patient to explain their plans to the child (“I will be back after your nap.”)
  • provide sensory play (water play, finger painting)
  • trips to the playroom: mobility (when possible) is very important to their development
  • expect regression
51
Q

What is the normal heart rate for a toddler?

A

90-140

52
Q

What is the normal respiratory rate for toddlers?

A

24-40

53
Q

What is the normal BP for a toddler?

A
  • Systolic: 80-112

- Diastolic: 50-80

54
Q

concepts of bodily injury for the toddler is what?

A

they fear intrusive procedures

PEDs Exam 1 (7 decks)

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