G&D of a Toddler Flashcards
Birth weight should _____ by 30 months.
quadruple
The toddler should achieve what % of adult height by 2 years (24 months)?
50%
The toddler may appear to be bowlegged and _____ when he/she walks.
potbellied
All _____ teeth should be present, and how many are there?
primary; 20
The anterior fontanel closes by what age? (months)
18 months
At what age should a toddler be able to kick a ball? (months)
24 months (2 years)
At what age should the toddler begin to feed himself/herself with a spoon and drink from a cup? (months)
24 months (2 years)
Daytime toilet training can usually be started by what age? (months)
24 months (2 years)
Two – three word sentences are spoken by what age? (months)
24 months (2 years)
Three – four word sentences are spoken by what age? (months)
36 months (3 years)
By 2 1/2 to 3 years, a toddler should be able to say what?
Their own first and last name
T/F: Temper tantrums are uncommon in the age group.
FALSE; they are very common
What is Erikson’s stage of Psychological Development for this age group?
Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
what age group does toddlers include?
12 to 36 months/ one to three years old
At what age should a toddler be walking by?
15 months
what are some other task that a toddler at 15 months should be able to do?
- walking
- climbing on anything
- removing clothing
- Stoops and recovers
what are some task that a toddler at 18 months should be able to do?
- runs clumsily, falls often
- walks upstairs with handheld
- jumps in place with both feet
what is the number one concern for toddlers?
injuries and prevention including securing TV and shelves
what tasks should a toddler be able to do by 24 months?
- throw a ball overhand (more control with hands)
- kicks ball
- goes up and down stairs with two feet on each step
what are some task that a toddler should be able to do about 30 months?
- jump from chair, steps, anything (safety)
- stands on one foot momentarily
what are some fine motor things that a toddler should be able to do?
- scribbles all over everything
- dexterity (shows favor to one hand or the other)
- can use a spoon and toothbrush, but messy
- wash and dry hands at 24 months
what is negativism?
no mentality
what is ritualism and how was it accomplished?
- I want things to be the same
- keep a consistent schedule
How can you avoid a toddler having a negativism/ no mentality?
ask them to help you do something or give them an option between two things
what is Piaget’s cognitive development for toddlers?
- sensorimotor
- cause and relationship, but toddlers don’t know not to do it again even if it caused pain the first time
what is Kohlberg’s moral development of toddlers?
- moral reasoning, security and self esteem
- pre-conventional or pre-moral phase: whether an action is good or bad depends on whether it is rewarded or punished
what are some critical tasks during the toddler period?
- recognition of self as a separate person with own will
- control of impulses an acquisition of socially acceptable ways to communicate wants and needs
- control of elimination
- toleration of separation from parent
What is animism?
toddler will believe that objects are alive; broomstick=horse
what is irreversibility?
the toddler can’t see everything that went into cake, they just see the cake itself. they also can’t understand that multiple pieces made a puzzle, they just see the whole puzzle.
putting 2 words together occurs at what age ( 25% intelligible)
15 to 18 months
when is a toddler able to understand simple directions search is 2 to three word faces ( 50% intelligible)
24 months, two years
By 36 months, three years, a toddler is able to understand simple directions and say ___ to ___ word phrases/sentences ( 75% intelligible).
3-4
at what age can a toddler say their first and last name?
30 months to 36 months, 2 1/2 to three years
at what age does a toddler become more of a negotiator and has less tantrums?
36 months, three years
when communicating with a toddler it is important too do what 2 things?
- ask parents what Childs words are for things like voiding or hunger or a specific body part
- tell the toddler exactly what you were going to do before you were going to do it
What are three distinct parenting issues that occur during toddler years?
- discipline
- toilet training
- temper tantrums
T/F: Guardians should be recommended to do specific training (toilet training) during a time of moving or arrival of a new sibling?
false, do not try to train during stressors which include moving, divorce, surgery, arrival of a new sibling
what are signs that show readiness for toilet training and a toddler?
- can remove own clothing
- is willing to let go of a toy when asked
- has been walking well for one year
- notices when diaper is wet
- communicates need to go to the bathroom
- wants to please parents by staying dry
- family not under major stressors
what are things the Guardian can do to limit temper tantrums?
- limited language leads to frustration
- anticipation
- isolate safely and ignore
T/F: Inconsistent parental practices increase frequency of tantrums.
true
What is some anticipatory teaching that should be provided to the Guardian of a toddler?
- regular mealtimes with utensils that fit
- meal times with family
- soft toothbrush, non-fluoride toothpaste
- limit TV viewing to one hour per day
- bedtime routine
How many hours of sleep does a 1- to 2-year-old need?
11 to 14 hours per day including naps.
how many hours of sleep does a three- to five-year-old need?
10 to 13 hours per day including naps.
toddlers have the _____ number of taste buds and the _____ degree of taste sensitivity.
higher, therefore they get picky or get stuck on a few foods
What are some age appropriate toys for toddler?
- noisemaking, push-pull toys, riding toys, workbench, toy hammers, musical anything, drums, pots and pans
- blocks, puzzles with very few large pieces
- finger paints, crayons, clay
- dolls, stuffed animals
- toy telephones
- storybooks with pictures
What are the four most common injuries for a toddler?
- accidental poisonings
- drowning (even in bathtubs)
- burns (from pots and candles)
- falls (downstairs , use gates)
What are three things that are checked at a well-child visit for a toddler?
- blood lead levels r/t lead poisoning
- hemoglobin/hematocrit r/t iron deficiency anemia
- vision screening (checking for strabismus)
hospitalization of a toddler interferes with the developmental tasks of developing a sense of ________ and autonomy.
control
What are the two major fears a toddler encounters during hospitalization?
loss of control and separation
What are some supportive interventions for toddlers and their families?
- minimize separation from guardian
- simple, brief explanations
- ask about home routines and rituals
- teach patient to explain their plans to the child (“I will be back after your nap.”)
- provide sensory play (water play, finger painting)
- trips to the playroom: mobility (when possible) is very important to their development
- expect regression
What is the normal heart rate for a toddler?
90-140
What is the normal respiratory rate for toddlers?
24-40
What is the normal BP for a toddler?
- Systolic: 80-112
- Diastolic: 50-80
concepts of bodily injury for the toddler is what?
they fear intrusive procedures
