G&D of a Preschool Child Flashcards
Each ____ a child gains about 5 pounds.
year
Each year a child grows ___ to ___ inches.
2 1/2; 3
A child stands _____ with a more slender posture.
erect
At what age can a child ride a tricycle? (years)
3 years
_________ is the tendency to use either the right or the left hand more naturally than the other, and is established during this age period.
Handedness
A child is able to use scissors at what age? (years)
4 years
A child is able to tie shoelaces at what age? (years)
5 years
A child learns colors and _____ during this age period.
shapes
Visual acuity approaches __/__ during this age period.
20/20
Thinking is _______ and concrete.
egocentric
A child uses sentences of __ to __ words.
5 to 8
A child learns ____ identity which leads to curiosity and masturbation.
sexual
_______ playmates and fears are common in this age group.
imaginary
Aggressiveness is common at what age? (years)
4 years
Aggressiveness at 4 years is replaced by more _______ at 5 years.
independence
What is Erikson’s Stage of Psychosocial Development for a Preschool Child (3-5yr)?
Initiative vs. guilt
At what age do preschool aged children have all 20 primary teeth?
3 years
What are some tasks that a preschool age child should be able to achieve?
- runs well
- hops on one foot
- walks up and down stairs well
At what age does the most critical period for speech development occur?
between 2 and 4 years
what is developmental stuttering?
when a preschool age child has frustrating moments when they can’t convey what they want to say
what are key factors in communication with a preschooler?
- simple sentences
- careful with what words you use
- use play in explaining
- starting to speak in full sentences
What is associative play?
group play without group goals- predominant in the preschool period
Therapeutic play can provide what for a preschool age child?
- provides an emotional outlet
- Pre-op teaching
- help reduce fear
At what age is a child able to climb, jump, and skip?
4 years old
at what age is a child able to skip on alternate feet, TA shoes, and begin cooperative play?
5 years
what are some toys that can be offered in a hospital setting for a preschool age child?
- coloring books
- cutting and pasting
- dolls
- building blocks
- clay
- pretend medical equipment
what are the two primary screenings done at a well child visit for a preschooler?
- hemoglobin done between three and five years of age( normal: 11.5 to 14.5 g/dL)
- lead screening, if not completed at one in two years , or if the child is at risk
at what age is a vision screening done?
3 years
at what age is a hearing test done?
4 years
what are four important anticipatory teachings for the preschool age child?
- sexual curiosity, anatomic explorations, masturbation is common and normal
- needs 10 to 13 hours of sleep including naps
- sleep problems are common because of an active imagination.
- bed wetting (if they have been dry and now there is bed wetting this can lead to concern of a UTI or a stressor)
Limit TV viewing to no more than ___ hour per day in ages two to five years old.
1 hour
extensive television viewing is associated with _____ problems in preschoolers.
sleep
turn TV screen off ____ minutes before bed.
30 minutes
“Tumbling E” or Lea symbol chart is used for ______ screening.
vision
Amblyopia (lazy eye) needs to be detected and treated before the age of ____ years old.
4 years old
what are some parenting issues that could occur with the preschool age child?
- balancing the child’s need to develop interdependence and initiative with the need to set limits
- ignore bad behavior and reward good behavior
- use of timeouts (typically amount of time based on age 3 years=3 minutes)
what are four safety concerns for preschool age child?
- water
- fire (stop drop and roll)
- sports safety/helmet
- car/booster seat safety
how can we prevent sexual abuse in a preschool age child?
- teaching children normal, healthy boundaries of their bodies
- tell someone
- teach them the proper names of body parts
At what age is it recommended to switch a child to skim or 1%r milk?
2 years and up
For a two to five year old child how many cups of milk is recommended per day?
2 to 2 1/2 cups
what is the recommended amount of juice for a 4-5 year old?
no more than four to six ounces per day
when does a child typically start going to the dentist and how often?
two years; however, you can take them at six months when they get their first tooth to get them used to the dentist, but not necessarily for a checkup// every six months
T/F: Preschool age children still use non-fluoride toothpaste.
false, switch to fluoride supplementation
what are 4 major fears that preschool children encounter during hospitalization?
- bodily injury
- being abandoned
- fear of anything that he/she views as a holistic invasion of his/her body
- loss of control
What are some teaching and interventions about hospitalization and the preschooler?
- follow home routines
- Guardian close and involved
- tell child they did not cause the illness
- except regression and explain to parents
what is the normal heart rate for preschool child?
80-110
what is the normal respiratory rate for a preschool child?
22-34
what is the normal blood pressure for a preschool child?
- systolic: 82 to 110
- diastolic: 50 to 78
concepts of bodily injury for preschoolers is what?
they fear intrusive procedures, especially disrupting skin –also body mutilation
