Future Of Ageing Flashcards
How much of death and disability cause are chronic disease?
70% WHO 2005
Why are timescales an issue within finding a cure for, ageing ?
Even if we discover a mean to charge it for the better it would take many years for it to become apparent.
What would success in finding reliable biomarkers of ageing enable?
Early evaluation of interventions go improve healthy life expectancy
Personalised monitoring of ageing-related health trajectories
What the blood based biomarkers?
• Haematology
• nutritional markers
• inflammatory response
• lymphocyte subpopulations
• telomere length
• DNA damage and repair
• plasma isoprostanes
What are the biomarker-changes in anthrometry, blood pressure and physical function?
• Weight & fat
• diastolic and systolic blood pressure
• hand-grip strength
•Tug test
• respiratory function
What is the species problems within studying ageing with using animal models?
Short-lived animals are more have a greater need for adjusting to short- term changes
The more dramatic effects on ageing in animal models are linked to their evolved capacity for plasticity which is not reproduced in humans.
What are the challenges in extending the human health span?
Timescales
The species problems
Measurements
Trials and regulations
Side-effects
What was the issue with trials and regulations within extending the human health plan?
Would have very strict regulatory controls
Would require clinical trails
Approving drugs for treatment would take very many years as they would be given to healthy people.
What are the issues with side effects in extending the human health span?
High chances any interventions that can modulate intrinsic ageing will evoke potent side effects.
Issues of safety and acceptability.
What is a silver community?
Private expenditure by older people (50+) on various goods and services.
After what age does no one have perfect health?
After 85
What was the effect of calorie defficit in mice models?
Calorie restriction can reduce the speed of ageing.
Why do the people in Okinawa live longer?
Eat a mediterrian diet and very little fat.
What was the biosphere 2 experiment?
Scientist living in a huge glass dome (like the simpsons)
What was the result of the biosphere 2 experiment?
Tried to be self sufficient
Couldn’t grow own good very well
This went on for years
People had better health profiles
What is the issue with the calorie deficit theory in humans?
Hard to prove in human due to long life span and the reduction of control.
Some benefits in primates but not as drastic as in mice
What is EPIC- ageing?
Nutritional intervention
What is the effect of physical fitness on ageing?
Physical fitness reduces ageing
What are the hallmarks of ageing?
Stem cell exhaustion
Altered intercellular communication
Genomic instability
Telomere attraction
Epigenetic alterations
Loss of proteostasis
Deregulated nutrient sensing
Mitochondrial dysfunction
Cellular senescence
What is senolysis?
Getting rid of aged cells
What is machine learning?
Can measure whole range of molecular profiles
Huge amount of information
Great way to find patterns in complex data
What is systems biology?
Looking at huge data sets, computer models which map really well.
What are the issue of machine learning?
No indication of what the patterns discovered mean.
What are the issues with systems biology?
Really demanding on the data
What were the issues of of systems biology?
Really demanding on the data
What was the value of the silver economy?
€3.7 trillion in 2015
What are the socio-economic issues surrounding ageing?
Life expectancy changes based on the amount of money you have
