Female reproductive ageing

Question 1

What is anueuploidy?

Answer 1

An incorrect number of chromosomes.

Question 2

What is anueploidy due to?

Answer 2

95% due to errors in the egg.

Question 3

What happen to the risk of aneuploidy as women get older?

Answer 3

Increases.

Question 4

What is a blastocyst?

Answer 4

When the egg is ready for implantation.

Question 5

What happens when the egg is carrying aueploidy?

Answer 5

The egg goes into arrest befor implantation?

Question 6

What happens when the egg goes into arrest before implantation?

Answer 6

Infertility
Miscarriage
Birth defects

Question 7

When does the chance of getting pregnant begin to drop?

Answer 7

37

Question 8

When does the risk of miscarriage increase?

Answer 8

35

Question 9

What is trisomy?

Answer 9

An extra copy of a chromosome

Question 10

What happen to the risk of a pregnancy with trisomy as women get older?

Answer 10

Increases.

Question 11

What is trisomy 16?

Answer 11

Most common chromosomal cause of miscarriage.

Question 12

What is trisomy 18?

Answer 12

Develop to term but die shortly after birth (Edward’s Syndrome).

Question 13

What is trisomy 21?

Answer 13

Compatible with life (Down’s Syndrome).

Question 14

Why are down syndrome cases going up?

Answer 14

Because women are getting pregnant at an older age.

Question 15

Does the chance of pregnancy increase with medical assistance?

Answer 15

No.

Question 16

What is an oocyte?

Answer 16

Immature eggs.

Question 17

What are germ cells?

Answer 17

Cells are destined to transmit the genome to the next generation.

Question 18

What happens to the stock of oocytes during ageing?

Answer 18

Declines after 30.

Question 19

How are bivalent chromosomes maintained?

Answer 19

Cohesin

Question 20

What is the function of Rec8?

Answer 20

Hold sister chromatids together

Question 21

How are bivalent chromosomes converted to single copy genomes?

Answer 21

Bivalent stabalized by cohesin.

Monopolar attachment of sister chromatids.

Separase cleaves Rec8 on arms

Sgol2 protects centromeres.

Biopolar of sister centromeres, rec8 is deprotected.

Question 22

What is the function of meikin in mammals?

Answer 22

Mono attachment of sister chromatids.

Question 23

What are shungoshin proteins?

Answer 23

Protect cohesin at the centromere by recruiting phosphate PP2A.

Question 24

What is the biggest age problem in female reproduction?

Answer 24

Premature loss of centromeric cohesion.