Epidemiology Of Ageing

Question 1

What is epidemiology?

Answer 1

The study of the distribution and the determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to control heath problems.

Question 2

What is epidemiology concerned with?

Answer 2

Frequency
Patterns
Determinants of heath events.

Question 3

What is ageing?

Answer 3

A multifaceted process driven by agrdual and lifelong accumulation of molecular and cellular damage.

Question 4

What does ageing lead to?

Answer 4

• Progressive loss of function
• increased risk or mobility
• disability
• death.

Question 5

What is life expectancy?

Answer 5

Expected number of remaining years of life at a particular age.

Question 6

At what rate is life expectancy increasing in the UK?

Answer 6

Two years every decade
Five hours each day

Question 7

What was life expectancy for women 2018 - 2022?

Answer 7

82.9 years

Question 8

What was the life expectancy for men in 2018-2020?

Answer 8

79.0 years

Question 9

What is the life expectancy gap between women and men in 2018 8-2020?

Answer 9

3.9 years

Question 10

What is health expectancy?

Answer 10

Expected number of remaining years of life spent healthy

Question 11

What is important about health expectancy?

Answer 11

Splits years of life at a particular age into healthy and unhealthy
Adds information on qualify to life expectancy

Question 12

What is health expectancy used for?

Answer 12

Monitor population health over time
Compares countries
Compare regions within countries
Compare social groups

Question 13

What is HLE?

Answer 13

Time spent in good health
Self-reported

Question 14

What is DFLE?

Answer 14

Time spent free from limiting persistent illness and disability
Self- reported

Question 15

Is ageing a universal experience?

Answer 15

No adults experience ageing in the same way

Question 16

What is the percentage difference in ageing in twins?

Answer 16

25% - 50%

Question 17

Why are there differences in ageing in twins due to?

Answer 17

Due to genetics caused by their environment.

Question 18

When do muscles start to age?

Answer 18

Age 30+

Question 19

Which sex is more ambudant?

Answer 19

Females

Question 20

What is the modal age of death?

Answer 20

Most common age of death in a population

Question 21

How to show demographic transition?

Answer 21

Population pyramid.

Question 22

How is the population pyramid changing within time?

Answer 22

Base getting thinner
Middle getting fatter

Question 23

What was the shape of the population pyramid in the 1950s?

Answer 23

Triangle shape
Very high birth rate
Not many people lived till 65

Question 24

Why is the base of the pyramid getting thinner?

Answer 24

More people are living longer
Population growing
Birthdate increases but not proportionally

Question 25

What is the issue with the ageing population?

Answer 25

Dependency groups are massively increasing however the working age group isn’t changing

Question 26

What do protrusions in the population pyramid?

Answer 26

Due to baby boom periods

Question 27

Why are population pyramids important?

Answer 27

Scares resource allocation
Retirement age.

Question 28

What the squiggly lines on population pyramids?

Answer 28

Predictions

Question 29

What are predictions of population pyramids based on?

Answer 29

Mortality
Fertility
Migration

Question 30

How to calculate increase in population?

Answer 30

Births - deaths

Question 31

Why does retirement age keep going up?

Answer 31

Not enough working people to support the growing 65+ population

Question 32

What is the price women pay for a higher LE?

Answer 32

Women spend more years in poor health than men do.