Fungi Flashcards
True or false
There are over 100,000 species of fungi (mushrooms, mould, mildew)
TRUE
List some characteristic of fungi
HETEROTROPHS
Mostly MULTICELLULAR
Reproduce with SPORES (SEXUAL)
Cell wall is made of CHITIN (type of sugar)
List the parts of a fungi
-Cap
-Scale
-Gills (inside there are spores)
-Ring
-Stem (stape)
-Cup
-Mycelium threads (90% of the fungi)
What are the FOUR type of nutrition fungi use
Parasitic
Predatory
Saprobial
Mutualistic
Describe PARASITIC nutrition
-Fungi intake food by LIVING in host organism and ABSORBING their nutrients
-CORDYCEPS fungi invade host body and kills insect, then a fungi emerge and produces spores
EX: Bullet ant eats a parasitic fungi then the fungi takes over the nerve tissues of the ant and controls it. Ant then dies and a fungi grows releasing spores
Describe PREDATORY nutrition
Soil fungi whose MYCELIA have SPECIALIZED structures for TRAPPING preys
Ex: The threads has trigger hair “lasso” and when an organism touches the trigger hair the “lasso” is trigged and pumps acid
Describe SAPROBIAL nutrition
-Fungi feeds on DEAD ORGANISMS and WASTE
-The decomposers absorb nutrients through their MYCELIA and recycle them into the ecosystem
Describe MUTUALISTIC nutrition
-Fungi has a PARTNERSHIP with other plant and protist
-The MYCELIA of the fungi increases ABSORPTIVE surface (surface area) so they can take up more nutrients
-Fungus feed on SUGAR PROVIDED BY PLANT
What are the FOUR fungi phylum
- Chrytidmycota
- Zygomycota
- Ascomycota
- Basidomycota
Describe CHRYTIDMYCOTA
-Mostly unicellular and aquatic
-Spores contain FLAGELLA
-Live in freshwater and marine
-Caused a disease in frogs called CHRYTID FUNGUS
Describe ASCOMYCOTA
AKA MILDEW, LICHEN, TRUFFLE, YEASTE
-Develop finger like sacs called ASCI during reproduction
-SEXUAL REPRODUCTION involves mating of two types -> POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE
-Grow on wood and bone
-Some are parasitic
Describe ZYGOMYCOTA
AKA BREAD MOULD
-Multicellular and terrestrial
-Need MOIST and WET environment to REPRODUCE
-Reproduce SEXUALLY & ASEXUALLY
-Produce ZYGOSPORES (diploids structures) that develop thick protective wall so they can lay dormant until MOIST
-Nuclei undergoes meiosis and new moulds grow
Describe BASDIOMYCOTA
AKA MUSHROOM, PUFFBALLS
-Fungi that have short lived fruiting bodies (top)
-They release SPORES from club-shaped BASIDIA
-Some species are parasites that can damage crops.
-Most organisms in this phylum form a vast underground network
Describe reproduction of Basidomycota (draw on paper too)
- Spores are released
- Spore germination (asexually as they are cloning)
- Forms mycelium (“network of threads”
- Mushroom primordiam (when positive and negative mating types combine and have “sex”)
- Matured mushroom is formed
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION (bc the + and - are combining)
How does fungi reproduce?
They reproduce with SPORES
Fill in the blank
Spores can only germinate in ___ environment
MOIST
