Chapter 1: Classifying life's biodiversity Flashcards
What’s L.U.C.A?
Last Universal Common Ancestor
What are 3 ways scientist identify/define species
- Biological species
- Morphological species
3.Phylogenetic species
Biological species
Defines a species based on whether 2 organisms can produce a sterile fertile offspring (ex: horse and donkey create mules, mules can’t make baby mules since it sterile)
Morphological species
Compares description to past similar organism taking account species change (morph) overtime
Phylogenetic species
Species is defined as a cluster to show the pattern of relationship among other species
Classifying species
Grouping organism based on a set of criteria that helps to organise and indicate evolutionary relationships.
Hierarchical classification
Classifies the organism by arranging species based on least specific and most specific (Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species) (Donkey, Kong, Please, Come, Over, For, Great, Spaghetti)
Taxonomy
A branch of biology that identifies names and classifies species based on PHYSICAL features
Binomial nomenclature
Standard universal naming system for naming organism 2 part naming system.
How to write a Binomial nomenclature
First name: Genus is always capitalised and underlined
Second name: species is always lowercase and underlined
3 ways to determine if species are related
-Anatomical
-Physiological
-DNA
Anatomical
Looks at the anatomy of 2 species comparing their STRUCTURE (ex: bat WINGS and Insect WINGS)
Physiological
Looks at the physical and chemical FUNCTIONS of the 2 organisms
DNA
Technology allows scientist to conduct genetic analysis. DNA from different species can be compared to determine relationships with other organisms
Phylogenetic tree
A phylogenetic tree that is a branching diagram that shows the evolutionary relationship among species
What are domains?
Highest taxonomical rank on hierarchy classification.
What are the 3 domains?
- Bacteria (Firmicules, Proteobacteria)
- Archaea (Theromophiles, Halophiles)
- Eukarya (Anmalıa, Protista, Fungi, Plantae)
Prokaryotic cells
-Most ancient type of cell
-Not complex (only contains DNA, cell wall, flagella)
-Asexual reproduction
-Anaerobic (no O2 needed)
-1 continuous strand of DNA
Eukaryotic Cells
-Most complex cell
-DNA in multiple strands
-Can be sexual and asexual
-Aerobic (needs O2)
What is kingdom?
Second highest taxonomical rank on hierarchy classification.
What are the 6 kingdoms?
Bacteria, Archaea, Protista, Plantae, Fungi, Animalia
(Prokaryotes: Bacteria, Archaea)
(Eukaryotes: Protista, Plantae, Fungi, Animalia)
Why its important to classify different biodiversity
Studying diversity will lead to more effective conservation strategies
3 types of biodiversity
- Genetic diversity
- Species diversity
- Ecosystem diversity
Genetic diversity
The variety of HERITABLE CHARACTERISTIC (genes) in a population of inbreeding individuals
