Fungi

Question 1

Candida albicans

Answer 1

Immunocompromised / HIV / Diabetic (opportunistic fungi)

-Yeast in cold, Mold in heat

Dimorphic, Catalase POS

-Diaper rash
-Oral candidiasis (thrush)
-Esophagis <100
-Vaginal (AB/BC, no pH change)
-Endocarditis (tri)

TX: AZOLES (minor)
-Amphotericin (severe)
-Nystatin (oral/eso)
-Campsofungin (resistant to amp)

Question 2

Cryptococcus neoformans

Answer 2

Pigeon droppings, soil

Urease POS

IC, HIV, malignancy, etc

-SX: pneumonia, meningitis, fever

DIA: bronchopulmonary washings, red/silver stain
-india ink (halos)
-latex agglutination test
-soap bubble lesions

TX: Amphotericin + Flucytosine then Fluconazole

Question 3

Mucor and Rhizopus species

Answer 3

SX: black escar (necrosis) on face, neuro def

TX: surgical removal of dead tissue
-Amphotericin B

Question 4

Pneumocystis jiroveci

Answer 4

AIDS, CD4 < 200
-IC ppl (opportunistic)

Pneumonia (not productive cough, fever, dypseia)
-Ground glass lung X ray

DIA: bronchoaveolar lavage, silver disc stain

TX: Bactrim (sulfa/tri) for pro, Pentamidine