Fungi

Question 1

Tinea versicolor

Answer 1

Malassezia complex

Question 2

Hyper/hypopigmentation macular patches

Answer 2

Tinea versicolor

Question 3

Treatment for tinea versicolor

Answer 3

selenium sulfide

Question 4

Dark discoloration often in palms

Answer 4

Tinea nigra

Question 5

Major membrane sterol of fungi

Answer 5

ergosterol

Question 6

Dimorphic fungi to know:

Answer 6

Histoplasma
Blastomyces
Coccidioides
Sporothrix

Question 7

Pityriasis aka

Answer 7

Tinea versicolor

Question 8

Axillary, pubic, beard, scalp hair affected. Nodular infection on hair shaft.

Answer 8

Black piedra

Question 9

Axillary, pubic, beard, scalp hair affected.

yellowish nodule on shaft.

Answer 9

White piedra

Question 10

White piedra caused by

Answer 10

trichosporon

Question 11

3 dermatophytes

the tineas

Answer 11

trichophyton
microsporum
epidermophyton

Question 12

tinea unguium affects:

Answer 12

nail bed

Question 13

Black dot seen in

Answer 13

tinea capitis

Question 14

severe inflammatory and HSR from zoophilic species

Answer 14

kerion

Question 15

Manifestation of tinea capitis which leads to the formation of scutula around the follicle

Answer 15

favus

Question 16

Most difficult to treat tinea?

Answer 16

Tinea unguium

Question 17

Dermatophyte diagnosis:

Answer 17

Wood’s lamp

scrapings + KOH mount

Question 18

Cigar-shaped yeast taken from cutaneous

Answer 18

sporothrix

Question 19

High incidence with agricultural workers (rose gardener’s disease)

Answer 19

sporotrichosis

Question 20

HIgh incidence in tropical agricultural workers

Answer 20

chromoblastomycosis

Question 21

History: leg trauma, verrucous and wart-like. cauliflower-lke nodules with crusting abscesses.

Answer 21

chromoblastomycosis

Question 22

Solitary encapsulated cysts in subcutaneous

Answer 22

phaeohyphomycosis

Question 23

Subcutaneous foot fungi disease

Answer 23

Mycetoma

maduromycosis

Question 24

Inhaled. Flu-like. Causes pneumonia and meningitis. San Joaquin Valley or Valley fever. Can infect bones and skin.

Answer 24

coccidioidomycosis

Question 25

Most prevalent pulmonary mycotic infection.

Answer 25

Histoplasmosis

Question 26

Pulmonary mycosis --> yeast cells engulfed by macrophages --> dissemination.

Answer 26

Histoplasmosis

Question 27

Causes inflammatory lung disease, producing skin and bone lesions when disseminated. Skin lesions may evolve into an ulcerated verrucous granuloma. Genitalia and CNS involvement may also occur.

Answer 27

Blastomycosis

Question 28

Pilot-wheel pattern.

Answer 28

paracoccidioidomycosis

Question 29

Broad-based budding

Answer 29

blastomycosis

Question 30

Spherule with endospore

Answer 30

coccidioidomycosis

Question 31

Decades of latency leading to pulmonary disease or dissemination

Answer 31

paracoccidioidomycosis

Question 32

South American mycosis

Answer 32

paracoccidioidomycosis

Question 33

Treatment for endemic/systemic

Answer 33

localized: itraconazole systemic: amphotericin B

Question 34

Most common opportunistic fungi

Answer 34

Candida

Question 35

Test to distinguish C. albicans

Answer 35

Incubate in serum for 90 min at 37 degrees C --> yest cells will form true hyphae or germ tubes

Question 36

Risk factors of mucocutaneous candidiasis

Answer 36

``` pregnancy AIDS DM extreme ages birth control immunosuppresants ```

Question 37

Candidiasis treatment

Answer 37

topical: nystatin oral: ketoconazole, fluconazole systemic: amphotericin B

Question 38

Basidiomycetous yeasts with large polysaccharide capsules

Answer 38

cryptococcus

Question 39

Found in soil, pigeon droppings.

Answer 39

cryptococcus

Question 40

CNS manifestations: meningitis, abscess, tumor-like. Elevated CSF pressure, protein, cell count. Normal or low glucose.

Answer 40

cryptococcus

Question 41

Latex agglutination detects polysaccharide capsular antigen.

Answer 41

cryptococcus.

Question 42

Treatment of cryptococcus:

Answer 42

amphotericin B and flucytosine

Question 43

Pulmonary allergy in asthma or CF

Answer 43

aspergillus

Question 44

Aflatoxin

Answer 44

aspergillus

Question 45

When aspergillus infects lung cavities post-TB/sarcoidosis/emphysema.

Answer 45

aspergilloma

Question 46

Associated with hepatocellular carcinoma

Answer 46

aspergillus

Question 47

Treatment for aspergillus

Answer 47

itraconazole, amphotericin B and surgery

Question 48

Seen in ketoacidotic DM, lymphoma, leukemia, dialysis with deferoxamine (iron chelator)

Answer 48

mucormycosis

Question 49

Form of mucormycosis: | Proliferate in blood vessel walls --> penetrate cribriform plate --> brain, skull, eyes

Answer 49

rhinocerebral mucormycosis

Question 50

Facial edema, bloody nasal exudates, orbital cellulitis

Answer 50

rhinocerebral mucormycosis

Question 51

thin walled pneumocystis jiroveci

Answer 51

trophozoites

Question 52

thick walled spherical/elliptical p. jiroveci

Answer 52

cysts

Question 53

Growth limited to surfactant layer

Answer 53

p. jiroveci

Question 54

Pneumocystis infection in non-AIDS patients leads to

Answer 54

interstitial plasma cell pneumonitis

Question 55

CXR shows bilateral, central infiltrate, granular opacities and small pneumatoceles

Answer 55

pneumocystis jiroveci

Question 56

Treatment of pneumocystis jiroveci

Answer 56

cotrimoxazole or pentamide isethionate

Question 57

Fungemia, skin, reticuloendothelial system.

Answer 57

penicillium

Question 58

Mycotoxin found on peanuts, corn, grains and other foods. Carcinogenic

Answer 58

aflatoxin

Question 59

Anti-fungal drug most effective for severe and systemic mycoses

Answer 59

amphotericin B ergosterol binding

Question 60

anti-fungal interacting with C-14, emethylase to block demethylation of lanostreol ergosterol

Answer 60

imidazole

Question 61

Nuclear division blocker

Answer 61

griseofulvin

Question 62

dna synthesis blocker

Answer 62

5-fluorocytosine or flucytosine