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3 Micro > Fungi > Flashcards

Fungi Flashcards

1
Q

Tinea versicolor

A

Malassezia complex

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2
Q

Hyper/hypopigmentation macular patches

A

Tinea versicolor

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3
Q

Treatment for tinea versicolor

A

selenium sulfide

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4
Q

Dark discoloration often in palms

A

Tinea nigra

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5
Q

Major membrane sterol of fungi

A

ergosterol

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6
Q

Dimorphic fungi to know:

A

Histoplasma
Blastomyces
Coccidioides
Sporothrix

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7
Q

Pityriasis aka

A

Tinea versicolor

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8
Q

Axillary, pubic, beard, scalp hair affected. Nodular infection on hair shaft.

A

Black piedra

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9
Q

Axillary, pubic, beard, scalp hair affected.

yellowish nodule on shaft.

A

White piedra

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10
Q

White piedra caused by

A

trichosporon

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11
Q

3 dermatophytes

the tineas

A

trichophyton
microsporum
epidermophyton

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12
Q

tinea unguium affects:

A

nail bed

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13
Q

Black dot seen in

A

tinea capitis

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14
Q

severe inflammatory and HSR from zoophilic species

A

kerion

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15
Q

Manifestation of tinea capitis which leads to the formation of scutula around the follicle

A

favus

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16
Q

Most difficult to treat tinea?

A

Tinea unguium

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17
Q

Dermatophyte diagnosis:

A

Wood’s lamp

scrapings + KOH mount

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18
Q

Cigar-shaped yeast taken from cutaneous

A

sporothrix

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19
Q

High incidence with agricultural workers (rose gardener’s disease)

A

sporotrichosis

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20
Q

HIgh incidence in tropical agricultural workers

A

chromoblastomycosis

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21
Q

History: leg trauma, verrucous and wart-like. cauliflower-lke nodules with crusting abscesses.

A

chromoblastomycosis

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22
Q

Solitary encapsulated cysts in subcutaneous

A

phaeohyphomycosis

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23
Q

Subcutaneous foot fungi disease

A

Mycetoma

maduromycosis

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24
Q

Inhaled. Flu-like. Causes pneumonia and meningitis. San Joaquin Valley or Valley fever. Can infect bones and skin.

A

coccidioidomycosis

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25
Q

Most prevalent pulmonary mycotic infection.

A

Histoplasmosis

26
Q

Pulmonary mycosis –> yeast cells engulfed by macrophages –> dissemination.

A

Histoplasmosis

27
Q

Causes inflammatory lung disease, producing skin and bone lesions when disseminated. Skin lesions may evolve into an ulcerated verrucous granuloma.

Genitalia and CNS involvement may also occur.

A

Blastomycosis

28
Q

Pilot-wheel pattern.

A

paracoccidioidomycosis

29
Q

Broad-based budding

A

blastomycosis

30
Q

Spherule with endospore

A

coccidioidomycosis

31
Q

Decades of latency leading to pulmonary disease or dissemination

A

paracoccidioidomycosis

32
Q

South American mycosis

A

paracoccidioidomycosis

33
Q

Treatment for endemic/systemic

A

localized: itraconazole
systemic: amphotericin B

34
Q

Most common opportunistic fungi

A

Candida

35
Q

Test to distinguish C. albicans

A

Incubate in serum for 90 min at 37 degrees C –> yest cells will form true hyphae or germ tubes

36
Q

Risk factors of mucocutaneous candidiasis

A 
pregnancy
AIDS
DM
extreme ages
birth control
immunosuppresants
37
Q

Candidiasis treatment

A

topical: nystatin
oral: ketoconazole, fluconazole
systemic: amphotericin B

38
Q

Basidiomycetous yeasts with large polysaccharide capsules

A

cryptococcus

39
Q

Found in soil, pigeon droppings.

A

cryptococcus

40
Q

CNS manifestations: meningitis, abscess, tumor-like.

Elevated CSF pressure, protein, cell count. Normal or low glucose.

A

cryptococcus

41
Q

Latex agglutination detects polysaccharide capsular antigen.

A

cryptococcus.

42
Q

Treatment of cryptococcus:

A

amphotericin B and flucytosine

43
Q

Pulmonary allergy in asthma or CF

A

aspergillus

44
Q

Aflatoxin

A

aspergillus

45
Q

When aspergillus infects lung cavities post-TB/sarcoidosis/emphysema.

A

aspergilloma

46
Q

Associated with hepatocellular carcinoma

A

aspergillus

47
Q

Treatment for aspergillus

A

itraconazole, amphotericin B and surgery

48
Q

Seen in ketoacidotic DM, lymphoma, leukemia, dialysis with deferoxamine (iron chelator)

A

mucormycosis

49
Q

Form of mucormycosis:

Proliferate in blood vessel walls –> penetrate cribriform plate –> brain, skull, eyes

A

rhinocerebral mucormycosis

50
Q

Facial edema, bloody nasal exudates, orbital cellulitis

A

rhinocerebral mucormycosis

51
Q

thin walled pneumocystis jiroveci

A

trophozoites

52
Q

thick walled spherical/elliptical p. jiroveci

A

cysts

53
Q

Growth limited to surfactant layer

A

p. jiroveci

54
Q

Pneumocystis infection in non-AIDS patients leads to

A

interstitial plasma cell pneumonitis

55
Q

CXR shows bilateral, central infiltrate, granular opacities and small pneumatoceles

A

pneumocystis jiroveci

56
Q

Treatment of pneumocystis jiroveci

A

cotrimoxazole or pentamide isethionate

57
Q

Fungemia, skin, reticuloendothelial system.

A

penicillium

58
Q

Mycotoxin found on peanuts, corn, grains and other foods. Carcinogenic

A

aflatoxin

59
Q

Anti-fungal drug most effective for severe and systemic mycoses

A

amphotericin B

ergosterol binding

60
Q

anti-fungal interacting with C-14, emethylase to block demethylation of lanostreol ergosterol

A

imidazole

61
Q

Nuclear division blocker

A

griseofulvin

62
Q

dna synthesis blocker

A

5-fluorocytosine or flucytosine

3 Micro (9 decks)

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