Fundamentals of Pathology

Question 1

Decrease/Increase in size

Answer 1

Atrophy/Hypertrophy

Question 2

Increase in Number

Answer 2

Hyperplasia

Question 3

One cell type to another

Answer 3

Metaplasia

Question 4

Size, shape, function change such as sickle cell anemia

Answer 4

Dysplasia

Question 5

Disorganization- CANCER

Answer 5

Anaplasia

Question 6

Defective devolopment

Answer 6

Hypoplasia

Question 7

Lack of development

Answer 7

Aplasia

Question 8

Absense of growth

Answer 8

Agenesis

Question 9

Coagulation Infarction

Answer 9

MI

Question 10

Liquefaction degeneration

Answer 10

Brain

Question 11

Caseous degeneration

Answer 11

TB, single COIN lesion= Ghon Complex

Question 12

Enzymatic degeneration

Answer 12

Pancreas (Head of pancreas)

Question 13

Fatty degeneration

Answer 13

Liver

Question 14

Gummatous ***

Answer 14

Tertiary Syphilis

Question 15

Wallerian

Answer 15

Peripheral Nerves (Distal–>Proximal)

Question 16

This includes the lymph capillary network, the lymph nodes and lymph organs. There are mobile and tissue macrophages.

Answer 16

Mononuclear Phagocyte System (MPS) aka Reticuloendothelial System (RES)

Question 17

Immunity cells:
Kupffer cells*-->a
Alveolar macrophages-->b
Microglial cells-->c
Histocytes or fixed macrophages-->d
Dust cells-->e

Answer 17

a) Liver
b) Alveoli
c) Brain
d) Tissue
e) Lung

Question 18

What are the four immunoglobulins?

Answer 18

IgA, IgG, IgE, IgM

Question 19

Immunoglobulin deals with milk, membranes “mommy’s milk”

Answer 19

IgA

Question 20

Immunoglobulin smallest, MOST NUMEROUS

Answer 20

IgG

Question 21

Immunoglobulin deals with AllegIEs and parasites?

Answer 21

IgE

Question 22

Immunoglobulin deals with first response, largest “marine”

Answer 22

IgM

Question 23

What type of immunity involves antibodies B cells. Found in SPLEEN, TONSILS, LYMPH, GI and BONE MARROW

Answer 23

Humoral Immunity

Question 24

What type of immunity deals with Sensitized lymphocyte T CELLS (THYMUS). Protects the body from OWN DEFENSE SYSTEM, BACTERIA, VIRUSES, and PRIONS

Answer 24

Cellular Immunity

Question 25

What are the four hypersensitivities?

Answer 25

``` I AM IT I-Immediate (Anaphylaxis) bee sting II- Antibody Mediated (Myasthenia Gravis III- Immune (SLE, RA) IV- T CELL mediated, Delayed dermatitis ```

Question 26

What are the 5 white blood cells (Leukocytes)

Answer 26

Neutrophils, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Eosinophil, Basophil | Never Let My Engine Blow 60, 30, 8 3 0

Question 27

Which WBC is BACTERIAL infection acute infection, phagocytic?

Answer 27

Neutrophil

Question 28

Which WBC is VIRAL infection, CHRONIC disease?

Answer 28

Lymphocyte

Question 29

Which WBC is for CHRONIC infection?

Answer 29

Monocyte

Question 30

Which WBC is PARASITIC and ALLERGIC conditions?

Answer 30

Eosinophil

Question 31

Which WBC is similar to MAST CELLS, makes HEPARIN and HISTAMINE?***

Answer 31

Basophil

Question 32

Reed Sternberg Cell, relapsing fever, IVORY WHITE VERTEBRA, B CELLS

Answer 32

Hodgkin's Lymphoma

Question 33

Inability to produce antibodies due to lack of B CELLS.

Answer 33

Bruton's Agammaglobulinemia

Question 34

BENCE JONES* proteinuria, MC primary Malignancy of the spine**, M spike, inverted albumin-globulin ratio, Plasma cell tumor.

Answer 34

Multiple Myeloma

Question 35

Retrovirus, attacks T4 HELPER CELLS, KAPOSI SARCOMA, parasitic pneumonia.

Answer 35

AIDS

Question 36

Autoimmune/MC Hypothyroidism

Answer 36

Hashimoto's

Question 37

Children, aggressive, abdominal mass, "starry Sky", EBV, can be cured with chemo, Chromosome 8, africa

Answer 37

Burkitt's Lymphoma

Question 38

What are the Ivory White Vertebra?

Answer 38

MPH (Metastasis, Paget's/Osteitis Deformans, Hodgkin's Lymphoma)

Question 39

Is Metastasis lytic or blastic mostly?

Answer 39

Lytic, except for PROSTATE

Question 40

Which one of ivory white vertebrae has lymph cell enlarged concavely?

Answer 40

Hodgekins Lymphoma

Question 41

What is present in all leukemias?****

Answer 41

ANEMIA

Question 42

Leukemia similar to Burkitt's lymphoma (starry cell), peaks at 3-4 years old?

Answer 42

ALL (Acute Lymphocytic/ Acute Lymphoblastic) Leukemia

Question 43

Leukemia at all ages, peak 40-50 years old, chromosomal abnormality, PHILIDELPHIA chromosome**

Answer 43

CML (Chronic Myelocytic aka Chronic Granulocytic) Leukemia

Question 44

Leukemia MC in young adults, peak 15-20 years old,

Answer 44

AML (Acute Myeloblastic/ Acute Granulocytic Leukemia)

Question 45

Leukemia MC in ELDERLY

Answer 45

CLL (Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia)

Question 46

Immunodeficiency where Deficiency of PROTEINS ONLY, Pot-belly, Loss muscle mass, rare US Children, 50 % elderly- nursing homes

Answer 46

Kwashiorkor Disease** (MC than Marasmus)

Question 47

Immunodeficiency of PROTEINS and CALORIES, World Health Organization says 5 million children die each year from malnutrition* BROOMSTICK ARMS AND LEGS

Answer 47

Marasmus Disease*

Question 48

Fluids, proteins, blood cells into interstitial tissue means

Answer 48

Exudate

Question 49

Mostly Albumin

Answer 49

Transudate

Question 50

Increased Fluid interstitial or serous cavities

Answer 50

Edema

Question 51

Purulent exudate (Mostly Neutrophils)

Answer 51

Pus

Question 52

Free fluid in peritoneal cavity

Answer 52

Ascites

Question 53

Whole body Swollen

Answer 53

Anasarca

Question 54

Protein Mediator Activates and Orchestrates inflammation response

Answer 54

Cytokines

Question 55

Right side heart failure...

Answer 55

Cor pulmonale

Question 56

Berry Aneurysm occurs...

Answer 56

Anterior Commissure*

Question 57

Angina at rest...

Answer 57

Prinzmetal

Question 58

Dissecting Aneurysm common....

Answer 58

Marfan's

Question 59

Male, Smoker...

Answer 59

Buerger's

Question 60

Apoptosis....

Answer 60

Cell Suicide

Question 61

Interleukin- Made by what? ****

Answer 61

Helper CD4 + T lymhpocytes, monocytes, macrophages, and endothelial cells "Interleukin Helped Tymphiny's Mono Making Endothelial Soup"