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Pathology Boards > Diseases of the Organ Systems > Flashcards

Diseases of the Organ Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Patchy thickening (atheromas-fatty streaks) of subintimal wall (medium and large arteries), arterial wall becomes thick and loses elasticity, dystrophic calcification (thrombus) are all symptoms of what pathology?

A

Arteriosclerosis/Atherosclerosis

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2
Q

What are the three types of Arteriosclerosis?

A

Monckeberg, Obliterans, Peripheral

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3
Q

What is a main cause of ischemic heart disease & cerebrovascular disease?

A

Arteriosclerosis/ Atherosclerosis

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4
Q

What type of arteriosclerosis has calcified tunica media, medium sized arteries (femoral, radial, & uterine)?

A

Monckeberg

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5
Q

What type of arteriosclerosis involves proliferation intima, small vessels, obliterates artery?

A

Obliterans

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6
Q

What type of arteriosclerosis involves the extremities?

A

Peripheral

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7
Q

Atherosclerotic aneurysms, cholesterol embolisms are MC in what artery?

A

Aorta

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8
Q

What is a localized dilation; in the wall of a artery, vein or heart? Usually Abdominal, ANTERIOR scalloping, part of “IVORY WHITE VERTEBRAE”

A

Aneurysm

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9
Q

Longitudinal cleavage of the arterial media by a column of blood “tearing pain”, acute onset. Most commonly in the ABDOMINAL AORTA.

A

Dissecting Aneurysm

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10
Q

This can be asymptomatic and mc from lumbar vertebrae pressure?

A

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

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11
Q

BERRY aneurysms are involved with this structure. Subarachnoid & intracerebral hemorrhage, hereditary. MC in Young Male

A

Circle of Willis

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12
Q

Chronic cerebral ischemia, strokes, TIA’s most commonly occur here.

A

Internal Carotid Artery

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13
Q

Cerebellar & brain stem ischemia & infarction most commonly occur here.

A

Vertebrobasilar Artery

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14
Q

MI, chronic myocardial ischemia, angina, and chronic heart failure; arrhythmias are most commonly here.

A

Coronary Artery

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15
Q

Intestinal ischemia & infarction (ischemic colitis) most commonly occur here.

A

Celiac & Mesenteric Arteries

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16
Q

Renal artery stenosis, renovascular hypertension, renal ischemia & infarct most commonly occur here.

A

Renal Artery

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17
Q

Peripheral vascular disease, intermittent claudication, gangrene most commonly occur in this artery.

A

Iliofemoral

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18
Q

If a patient wakes up with throbbing headache- and its typically in the occipital region, they most likely have what?

A

Hypertension

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19
Q

What are the four types of hypertension?

A

Essential, Secondary, Benign, Malignant

20
Q

Type of hypertension that occurs in people over 40, and the etiology is unknown.

A

Essential

21
Q

Type of hypertension that is caused by sodium retention & increased peripheral resistance.

A

Secondary

22
Q

Type of hypertension that is the earliest phase.

A

Benign

23
Q

Type of hypertension that is papilledema, retinal hemorrhages, exudates, b/p usually 200/150 mm HG, fibrinoid necrosis of tunica media, intimal fibrosis, narrowing vesel, acute ischemia to tissue vessel feeds.

A

Malignant

24
Q

Congenital failure of closure between the PULMONARY ARTERY and the AORTA. (up to 80% premature)

A

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

25
Q

RIGHT ventricular increased work secondary to lung malfunction. Includes EMPHYSEMA, chronic bronchitis, cystic fibrosis.

A

Cor Pulmonale

26
Q

What does DRIP stand for for Tetralogy of Fallot?

A

Dextrorotation of the aorta, Right ventricular hypertrophy, Intraventricular septal defect, Pulmonary artery stenosis.

27
Q

MITRAL & AORTIC valves affected, mitral valve typically involved first in this disorder.

A

Rheumatic Fever

28
Q

Iron deficiency and chronic hemorrhage along with the GUIAC test is involved with what? MC in women of child bearing years because they menstruate and lose blood. Heme is removed when this happens. “Occult (higher up), “Frank (hemorroids)”

A

MICROcytic HYPOchronic

29
Q

Pernicious (B12) and Folate (B9), loss of PARIETAL cells, decreased vitamin B12 absorption, Reticulocytosis develops, and posterolateral sclerosis end stage is involved with what?

A

MACROcytic NORMOchronic

30
Q

What is the triphasic color change?

A

Pallor, Cyanosis, Rubor

31
Q

Portal hypertension is involved with what?

A

Esophageal Varices

32
Q

This organism causes ulcerations in the stomach.

A

Helicobacter pylori

33
Q

No Meissner’s & Auerbach’s plexuses.

A

Hirschsprung’s

34
Q

Macrocytic normochronic anemia is involved with what vitamin?

A

B12 (and Folate B9)

35
Q

Air emboli are involved with..?

A

Deep Sea Diving

36
Q

The most common form of non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. VIRAL MYOCARDITIS causes it. Gradual cardiac failure with hypertrophy/dilation of the heart.

A

Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)

37
Q

Heavy muscular hyper-contracting heart. Causes include congenital, Friedreich’s Ataxia, glycogen storage disease, and infants of diabetic mothers.

A

Hypertrophic Diastolic Disorder

38
Q

Diastole and LEFT ventricular filling is impeded. Causes include amyloidosis, radiation-induced fibrosis, found in children.

A

Restrictive Diastolic Disorder

39
Q

What are the three types of ANGINA?

A

Typical/Stable, Unstable/Cresendo, Prinzmetal

40
Q

What type of angina occurs at REST. Coronary artery spasm.

A

PRINZMETAL

41
Q

Ischemic Heart Disease is also known as what?

A

Myocardial Infarction

42
Q

Full or nearly full thickness of the ventricular wall is what kind of infarct?

A

Transmural Infarct

43
Q

Inner 1/3 or at most 1/2 of the ventricular wall is what type of infarct?

A

Subendocardial infarct

44
Q

Parietal cells secrete extrinsic or intrinsic factor?

A

Intrinsic

45
Q

Chief cells secrete extrinsic or intrinsic factor?

A

Extrinsic

Pathology Boards (17 decks)

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