Fundamentals Flashcards
Traffic patterns in the surgery department are designed to:
Aid in preventing surgical site infections
What is the principal goals of suctioning blood and body fluids from the wound
Improve wound visibility
Characteristics of drape material
Flame-retardant
Principal goal of the SFA during the surgical procedure
Provide exposure
Patients at risk for developing a latex sensitivity
Child with spina bifida
What should be confirmed before administration of any blood product
Date of expiration
Minimum number of air exchange in the OR
15 times an hr with 3 exchanges of fresh air
If the SFA places the operative patient’s well-being above all other factors, then the SFA is said to have a strong
Surgical conscience
Seepage of skin preparation solution under a patient may result in
Chemical burns
The frozen section examination provides the surgeon with a
Quick preliminary diagnosis
When assisting the surgeon with the draping where should the SFA stand in relation to the surgeon
On the opposite side of the OR table from the surgeon
Studies show that the lowest infection rates have been obtained in surgical cases where patient body hair was
Not removed
A hemodynamic complication in the patient could be caused by
Myocardial ischemia
Infants are at risk of losing body heat quickly due to their
Thin layer of subcutaneous brown fat for insulation
Heat loss from the body occurs by
Radiation
Evaporation
Conduction
The earliest sign of MH
Increase in end-tidal CO2
Intraoperative fluid and electrolyte imbalance are affected by
Blood loos
Fluid shifts and replacement
Vitamin D deficiency can lead to
Hypocalcemia
Acid based imbalances reflect
Hypoxia, hypothermia and hypovolemia
Platelet concentration is often transfused during the immediate preoperative period for the purpose of
Preserving clotting ability
Hemolytic reactions caused by ABO incompatibility are most often caused by
Antibodies to the donor foreign proteins
The correct arm placement when positioning a patient supine arms extended on armboard is
Armboards extended less than 90 degrees with palms facing up
The force of integumentary injuries that results from the skin remaining stationary while the underlying tissues shift is known as
Shearing
What is a potential physiological response when lowering a patient’s legs from the lithotomy position
Hypotension
The correct range for the pneumatic tourniquet pressure on an average adult for an upper extremity
250-300 mmHg
The setting of the pneumatic tourniquet pressure on an average adult for a lower extremity should be
Higher than the systolic pressure by one-half of the value
The most common skin cancer
Basal cell carcinoma
In the event that a child needs an emergency procedure and the parents cannot be located to sign the permission
Permission is signed by two consulting physicians
The principle of personal liability
Holds everyone legally responsible for their own negligent acts
Carcinoma in situ is a malignant neoplasm that has not
Extended beyond the basement membrane
The blood component administered to patients with a clotting problem is
Platelets
What refers to a civil wrong committed against a person or property, not including a breach of contract
Tort
What is the normal value of the BUN for adults
7-18mg/dl
The specific gravity of a normal urine sample
1.015-1.025
Could sustain an injury to the pudendal nerves
Positioned on the fracture table
An imperforation or closure of a normal opening is called:
Atresia
A lower oblique incision
Inguinal
Normal adult male range for RBC
4.2-6.1
The normal adult range of WBC
5,000-10,000
Normal adult range for sodium
136-145 mEq/L
Normal adult range for potassium
3.5-5.5 mEq/L
What type of blood components is the most common source of bacterial infection in a transfusion
Platelets
The doctrine of respondeat superior refers to
Employer liability for employee’s negligent conduct
The legal doctrine that mandates every professional to carry out his/her duties according to national standards of care practiced throughout the country
Doctrine of reasonable man
Liability is a legal rule that
Holds each individual responsible for his/her own actions
What is a result of potassium imbalance
Cardiac arrhythmias
Bradycardia is what type of response
Vagal
The normal pH of urine
4.6-8.0
A white count of 14,000 indicates
An infection
When an immediate confirmation of malignancy is needed, the specimen will be sent to pathology for
Frozen section
A method to protect tissue from the CO2 laser is to cover the area with
Wet towels
Mechanical, thermal, and chemical are appropriate mechanism to achieve
Hemostasis
Significantly decreased volume of circulating blood or plasma in the body may cause the patient to go into
Hypovolemic shock
The purpose of hemostasis is to
Prevent blood loss
Body fluids and laser plume are what type of hazards
Biological
What is the most common change in vital signs that is associated with early hypovolemic shock
Tachycardia
Measure to treat atelectasis
Pain control and early ambulation
What is the most appropriate device to prevent skin pressure ulcers and deep tissue injury in the OR
Gel Pads
What nerve can be injured if the legs are improperly flexed at the hip in the lithotomy position
Obturator
Drains are typically passed to the exterior through
Adjacent stab wound incision
What dressing is used when moderate to heavy fluid drainage is expected
Three-layer
In the lateral chest position, a sandbag or padding is placed under the chest at the axillary level to
Prevent pressure on the lower arm
Chvostek’s sign can indicate
Hypocalcemia
The proper placement of the legs for a patient in the lateral position
Lower leg flexed, upper leg straight
Ulnar nerve damage could result from
Placement of an elbow on unpadded table
What patients are at the greatest risk for fluid volume deficit
Trauma victim with extensive burns of the body
Correct position for placing the needle in the needle holder
1/3 distance from the eye
Suture material which is prone to cause inflammatory reactions
catgut
Antimicrobial agent used in coated polyglactin
Triclosan
Suturing technique useful when the wound is narrow but deep
Buried Horizontal Mattress Suture
Identify Suturing Technique
Horizontal Mattress
Identify Suturing Technique
Vertical Mattress
Suturing technique used to re-create anatomical structures that are naturally inverted
Lembert Suture
Complication of steep reverse Trendelenburg position
DVT (Deep vein thrombosis)