Basic Science Flashcards
1
Q
Lymph channels run parallel to:
A
Veins
2
Q
Body temperature is regulated by the:
A
Hypothalamus
3
Q
Electrolytes which are essential for normal cardiac contractions - Name 2
A
Potassium (K)
Calcium (Ca)
4
Q
Water constitutes what average normal percentage of total body weight
A
50%-70%
5
Q
The thyroid gland consists of right and left lobes joined by the:
A
Isthmus
6
Q
Langer lines generally lie perpendicular to the direction of
A
Underlying muscle tension
7
Q
The arterial supply to the intestinal tract, with the exception of the stomach, duodenum, and distal rectum is derived from the:
A
Superior and Inferior mesenteric arteries
8
Q
Excessive secretion of growth hormones in adults causes:
A
Acromegaly
9
Q
The inner lining of the mucosa of the GI tract is composed of:
A
Epithelium
10
Q
The large artery that arises from the left side of the aortic arch and descends into the arm is the:
A
Subclavian
11
Q
An enzyme active in the digestive of starches is:
A
Amylase
12
Q
The normal pH of blood is:
A
7.3 - 7.4
13
Q
Which cells secrete pepsinogen
A
Chief
14
Q
Which veins drains the intracranial venous sinuses to veins on the outside of the skull
A
Emissary
15
Q
Which arteries supplies blood to the brain
A
Vertebral and internal carotids
16
Q
Which arteries divides into the anterior and middle cerebral arteries
A
Internal carotid
17
Q
What arteries are a direct branch of the internal carotid
A
Middle cerebral
18
Q
The lateral ventricles within the cerebral hemisphere communicate with the third ventricle through the opening called
A
Foramen of Monro
19
Q
The third ventricle of the brain empties into the fourth ventricle through the:
A
Aqueduct of Sylvius
20
Q
Spinal fluid is produced by the:
A
Choroid plexus
21
Q
The fold of dura mater that separates the cerebral hemispheres:
A
Falx cerebri
22
Q
What separates the frontal and temporal lobes
A
Fissure of Sylvius
23
Q
The frontal lobe is bounded posteriorly by the central sucus, also called
A
Fissure of Rolando
24
Q
What is located in the frontal gyrus of the brain controls the function of speech
A
Broca’s
25
The white line of Hilton is situated
Between the external and internal anal sphincters
26
A chemical reaction that provides energy by the breakdown of food molecules is called
Catabolism
27
Adipose tissues lies in which skin layer
Subcutaneous
28
Collagen is produced by what connective tissue cells
Fibroblasts
29
What is the normal cardiac output for an adult
4-8 L/minute
30
What veins drains the right side of the vertebral column
Azygos
31
What arteries supplies the cecum, ascending colon, hepatic flexure, and proximal portion of the transverse colon
Superior mesenteric
32
The celiac artery trifurcates into the
Left gastric, splenic and hepatic arteries
33
A prolongation of the breast tissue located in the upper, outer part of the breast that passes through an opening in the axillary fascia
Axillary tail of Spence
34
The mammary glans is fixed to the overlying skin and the underlying pectoral fascia by fibrous bands
Suspensory ligaments of Cooper
35
The arterial blood supply to the breast is supplied from branches of the
Internal mammary, axillary and lateral thoracic
36
What is the loose areolar tissue that separates the breast from the pectoralis major
Retromammary space
37
What lymph nodes are located between the pectoralis major and minor muscles
Rotter
38
What nerves travels along the anterior-lateral chest wall and innervates the serratus anterior muscle
Long thoracic
39
What nerves innervates the latissimus dorsi muscle
Thoracodorsal
40
The nerve of Grassi is associated with the:
Stomach
41
The veins of Sappey drain the:
Diaphragm
42
The node of Lund is located in the:
Triangle of Calot
43
Where is Hartmann's pouch
Gallbladder infundibulum
44
The small ducts that drain bile directly into the gallbladder
Hepatic
45
What's the name for the small pancreatic duct
Santorini
46
Three structures that form the anatomical triangle of Calot
Cystic duct, common hepatic duct, lower edge of the liver
47
The point of separation between the posterior rectus sheath superiorly and absence of the sheath inferiorly
Arcuate line
48
At what point does the external iliac artery become the femoral artery
At the location of the inguinal ligament
49
The avascular area located in the mesentery and to the left of the middle colic artery
The space of Riolan
50
The series of arcades along the mesenteric border throughout the length of the colon
Marginal artery of Drummond
51
The valves of the gallbladder
Heister
52
What nerves is located lateral to the long thoracic nerve and innervates the latissimus dorsi muscle
Thoracodorsal
53
What ligament connects the thyroid to the trachea
Berry
54
The structure that binds the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall
Mesentery
55
The left gastric, right gastric, right gastroepiploic, left gastroepiploic, and short gastric arteries supply
Stomach
56
The two muscles that form the pelvic diaphragm
Levator ani and coccygeus
57
Variant laryngeal nerve that branches from the vagus and travels directly to the larynx
Nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve
58
Jackson's membrane would be found near the
Cecum
59
The flexure between the transverse colon and the descending colon
Splenic
60
The anastomosis of arcades between the superior and inferior mesenteric vessels is known as the long anastomosis of
Riolan
61
What nerve innervates the diaphragm
Phrenic
62
The rectus sheaths that meet to form a tough fibrous white band that extends from the xiphoid process to the pubic symphysis
Linea alba
63
What organ is completely retroperitoneal
Kidney
64
The liver is divided into two principles lobes by what ligaments
Falciform
65
The sphincter located at the distal end of the common bile duct that opens into the duodenum
Oddi
66
The cartilage distal to the thyroid cartilage and proximal to the thyroid gland
Cricoid
67
What vein is shared by the pancreas and liver
Portal
68
The head of the pancreas is surround by the
Duodenum
69
What artery supplies blood to the thyroid gland
External carotid
70
What structures are located in the anterior mediastinum
Thymus, ascending aorta, lymph nodes
71
The anatomical division between the inguinal and femoral regions
Poupart's ligament
72
Hesselbacks triangle is bounded by the rectus abdominis muscle, inferior epigastric vessels and
Inguinal ligament
73
The inner lining of the mucosa within the GI tract
Simple columnar epithelium
74
Another name for the folds on the inner wall of the stomach
Rugae
75
The area where the common bile duct joins the pancreatic duct and enters the duodenum
Ampulla of Vater
76
The uterine artery is a branch of the anterior truck of the
Internal iliac artery
77
The ovary is suspended from the posterior leaf of the broad ligament by the
Mesovarium
78
The ovarian artery is a branch of the
Abdominal aorta
79
What ligament travels in the upper part of the broad ligaments below and in front of the fallopian tubes, passing over the vesicle vessels
Round
80
What ligament encloses the round ligament and extends from the lateral surface of the uterus to the pelvic wall
Broad
81
What nourish the eyeball consists mainly of blood vessels
Choroid
82
The ophthalmic artery divides into the
Supraorbital and supratrochlear
83
What rectus muscle moves the eyeball upward and medially
Superior
84
The recurrent laryngeal nerve that supplies the vocal cords lies very close to the
Inferior thyroid artery
85
The arterial blood supply to the nose is from branches of the internal and external:
Maxillary
86
The five branches of the facial nerve from superior to inferior after it enters the parotid gland
Temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical
87
Where do the mental nerves and vessels exit from the mandible
Foramen
88
In addition to the zygoma, what other bones comprises the zygomatic arch
Temporal
89
What is the principal muscle of the pelvic floor
Levator ani
90
The junction of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins forms the:
Portal vein
91
The tibial and common peroneal nerves are terminal branches of
Sciatic
92
The arterial supply to the bladder is derived mainly from the
Internal iliac
93
What structure of the kidney does urine drain into from the major calyces
Renal pelvis
94
A rounded protuberance found at a point of articulation with another bone
Condyle
95
At what vertebral level is the odontoid process located
C2
96
What cavities within the brain is filled with CSF
Ventricles
97
What ligament is attached to the posterior lateral condyle of the femur and to the notch of the midline of the tibia between the tibial condyles
Anterior cruciate
98
The gelatinous substance within an intervertebral disc
Nucleus pulposus
99
What vein proximally travels across the neck of the abdominal aorta
Renal
100
Branches of the aortic arch
Brachiocephalic, left common carotid, left subclavian
101
The terminal arterial branches of the aorta
Right and left common iliac
102
The coronary arteries originate at the base of the ascending aorta, also known as
Sinuses of Valsalva
103
Branches of the left coronary artery
Circumflex and anterior descending arteries
104
The thoracic duct begins in the
Abdomen at the Cisterna Chyli
105
Two-thirds of the breast tissue rests o the pectoralis major muscle and the other one-third rests on the
Serratus anterior
106
The carotid body and carotid sinus are two sensory structure; the carotid body is a:
Chemoreceptor
107
The valve that prevents the retrograde flow of blood into the atrium from the left ventricle is the:
Mitral
108
Deoxygenated blood is carried from the right ventricles to the lungs via the:
Pulmonary arteries
109
At the base of each internal carotid artery is an enlargement called
Sinus
110
The three protective tissue layers called the meninges lie in the following order, starting with the most superficial
Dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater
111
Fissure of Sylvius separates the
Frontal and temporal lobe
112
The great sensory nerve of the face and head
Trigeminal
113
What cranial nerve emerges from the medulla, passes through the skull, and descends through the neck region into the thorax and abdominal region
X (10)
Vagus
114
What cranial nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle
Trochlear (IV)
115
What cranial nerve innervates the inferior, medial, superior rectus, inferior oblique, and levator palpebrae muscles of the eye
Oculomotor (III)
116
What nerve innervates the lateral rectus muscle of the eye
Abducens (VI)
117
The dura plan that separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum
Tentorium cerebelli
118
Identify A
Right Hepatic Artery
119
Identify A
Left Hepatic Artery
120
Identify A
Proper Hepatic Artery
121
Identify A
Celiac Trunk
122
Identify A
Splenic Artery
123
Identify A
Left Gastric Artery
124
Identify A
Common Hepatic
125
Identify A
Gastroduodenal Artery
126
Identify A
Identify B
A = Lateral Pectoral
B = Medical Pectoral
127
Identify A
Long Thoracic Nerve
128
Identify A
Thoracodorsal Nerve
129
Identify A
Identify B
Identify C
A = Inferior Mesenteric Vein
B = Sigmoid Veins
C = Superior Mesenteric Vein
130
Identify A
Identify B
A = Pudental Artery
B = Inferior Hemorrhoidal Artery, Nerve, and Vein
131
Identify A
Identify B
Identify C
A = Common Hepatic Duct
B = Common Bile Duct
C = Cystic Duct
132
Identify A
A = Ampulla of Vater
133
The main arterial supply to the small intestine comes from the:
Superior mesenteric artery
134
What layer of the small intestine is the most important layer to suture to produce the strongest anastomosis
Submucosa
135
What CNs are exposed, preserved, or scarified when doing a radical neck dissection
12 - Hypoglossal
11 - Accessory
10 - Vagus
7 - facial
