ENT Surgery Flashcards
When performing a tympanoplasty, the graft is secured to the oval window when:
The footplate of the stapes cannot moved
What incision is indicated for an esophagogastrectomy
Thoracoabdominal
What structures travel through the temporal bone that must be identified and preserved when performing a mastoidectomy
Mastoid sinus, facial nerve
Epistaxis
Nasal bleeding
Chronic otitis media can lead to loss of hearing. In the early stages, the patient can be helped by
Myringotomy
What nerve must be preserved to prevent muscle weakness during a parotidectomy
Facial
What is the primary surgical procedure for treating chronic otitis media?
Tympanoplasty
This procedure repairs the tympanic membrane (eardrum) and may involve the reconstruction of the ossicles
What is the purpose of a mastoidectomy?
A mastoidectomy is performed to remove infected air cells within the mastoid bone caused by chronic mastoiditis or cholesteatoma
During a myringotomy, what instrument is used to make the incision in the tympanic membrane?
A myringotomy knife or sickle knife is used to make the incision in the tympanic membrane to drain fluid from the middle ear
What is the typical positioning for a patient undergoing a functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS)?
Supine with the head elevated to reduce venous pressure and improve visualization.
What surgical instrument is commonly used for removing nasal polyps during polypectomy?
A microdebrider or nasal snare is commonly used to remove nasal polyps.
Which type of incision is made for a tracheostomy?
A transverse or vertical incision is made over the trachea, typically between the second and third tracheal rings
What nerve must be carefully protected during a parotidectomy?
The facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) must be carefully preserved during a parotidectomy, as it runs through the parotid gland.
What type of graft material is typically used in a tympanoplasty?
Temporalis fascia
What is the most common approach to accessing the pituitary gland in transsphenoidal surgery?
The transnasal or transseptal approach through the sphenoid sinus is commonly used to access the pituitary gland
What is the primary purpose of a uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP)?
UPPP is performed to treat obstructive sleep apnea by removing or reshaping tissue in the throat to widen the airway
What anatomical structure is removed during a radical neck dissection?
Sternocleidomastoid muscle, internal jugular vein, and spinal accessory nerve are removed along with the lymph nodes to treat metastatic cancer
In cochlear implant surgery, where is the electrode array inserted?
Scala tympani of the cochlea to stimulate the auditory nerve
What is the primary risk associated with orbital decompression surgery?
Damage to the optic nerve, which can result in vision loss if not carefully protected during the procedure
Which nerve is commonly monitored during a thyroidectomy to prevent injury?
The recurrent laryngeal nerve is monitored during a thyroidectomy to prevent injury, which could lead to vocal cord paralysis
