Fundamental Physics Flashcards
Basic Nuclide notation
Nuclide Classification
Isobars - same mass numbers
Isotones - same number of neutrons
Isomers - metastable - same atomic constituents but different energy configurations
KLM, Quantum number 123
Binding energy becomes stronger closer to nucleus or where this more protons
Relationship between shells and number of electrons they can store
Orbitals are regions where you are mostly likely to find an electron
Hund’s rule, order in which orbitals are filled
This is how we rearrange the periodic table
Subatomic particle overview
Hadrons - Protons and Neutrons - most of the matter in the universe
Bosons are the force carriers
Fundamental forces in the universe
Strong force (Gluon)
Weak force (Z and W)
Electromagnetic force (Photon)
Gravitational force
Strong force - keeps protons and neutrons packed together - transmitted by the GLUEon - gets stronger with distance (like an eleastic band)
Gluons OSCILLATE between up and down quarks and change their COLOUR
(fundamental property like mass or spin)
Strong force is so strong - there is a residual force OUTSIDE of the hadrons (Ps + Ns). Known as the nuclear force
Weak force - complex with multiple interactions -
w and z bosons are the force carriers - only at atomic and subatomic distances
W boson reacts with electron neutrino (Ve) - it will change the QUARK TYPE
Results in Neutron into a proton via beta minus decays
Electromagnetic force
Opposite charges attract similar charges repel
Above red: Infrared - wavelengths of cm
microwaves
wavelengths of m
radiowaves
Below violet - ultraviolet
velocity = frequency x wavelength
velocity is always the speed of light
Energy is related to frequency by planks constant
