Fundamental Concepts: Classes Of Nutrients

Question 1

What is the definition of nutrients?

Answer 1

Chemical substances found in food

Question 2

What are the subclasses?

Answer 2

Macro vs micronutrients, organic vs inorganic, and energy yielding

Question 3

What are the macronutrients?

Answer 3

Nutrients that are needed in large quantities such as proteins, carbs, lipids, and water

Question 4

What are carbohydrates composed of?

Answer 4

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio

Question 5

Which class is a major fuel source for all cells?

Answer 5

Carbs

Question 6

What are lipids composed of?

Answer 6

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Question 7

What are the three types of lipids?

Answer 7

Phospholipids, triglycerides, and sterols

Question 8

Are lipids hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

Answer 8

Hydrophobic

Question 9

What are lipids used for?

Answer 9

Energy storage, cell membrane structure, hormone production (cholesterol), insulation, vitamin absorption, and forms protective cushioning

Question 10

What are proteins composed of?

Answer 10

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

Question 11

What are proteins used for?

Answer 11

Form building blocks for new tissues, essential for growth, transportation of molecules, promoting immune function, regulating bodily functions, and communication among cells

Question 12

What is water composed of?

Answer 12

Hydrogen and oxygen in 1:2 ratio

Question 13

What is water used for?

Answer 13

Transportation, regulates body temp, lubricates joints, maintains fluid balance

Question 14

What are micronutrients?

Answer 14

Nutrients required in small quantities such as minerals and vitamins

Question 15

Are minerals organic or inorganic?

Answer 15

Inorganic

Question 16

How many macro minerals are required each day?

Answer 16

More than 100 mg

Question 17

How many micro minerals are required per day?

Answer 17

Less than 100 mg

Question 18

What are some macro minerals?

Answer 18

Sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and sulfur

Question 19

Which minerals are more important for muscle contraction than calcium?

Answer 19

Sodium and phosphorus

Question 20

What are some micro minerals?

Answer 20

Iron, zinc, iodine, selenium, copper, manganese, fluoride, chromium, and molybdenum

Question 21

Which vitamins are able to be dissolved in water?

Answer 21

Vitamin C and B

Question 22

Which vitamins are not dissolvable in water?

Answer 22

Vitamin A, D, E, and K

Question 23

What do hydrophobic vitamins dissolve in instead?

Answer 23

Fats

Question 24

What are some water soluble vitamins?

Answer 24

Thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, biotin, folate, cobalamin, and ascorbic acid

Question 25

What is the purpose of a bomb-calorimeter?

Answer 25

Determines the amount of kcals in feed

Question 26

How many kcals are in carbohydrates?

Answer 26

4 (makes it easier to break down for energy)

Question 27

How many kcals are in proteins?

Answer 27

4

Question 28

How many kcals are in lipids?

Answer 28

9

Question 29

What is the difference between organic and inorganic molecules?

Answer 29

Organic molecules contain carbon and hydrogen, inorganic only has one or the other Organic molecules can be altered by living organisms, inorganic molecules cannot be made or destroyed only transformed