FUNCTIONS & CLINICALLY SIGNIFICANT ELECTROLYTES

Question 1

What are the FUNCTIONS OF ELECTROLYTES?

Answer 1

*Volume and osmotic regulation
*Myocardial rhythm & contractility
*Neuromuscular Excitability
*Cofactors in enzyme activation
*Regulation of ATPase ion pumps
*Acid-base balance
*Production & use of ATP from glucose

Question 2

Volume and osmotic regulation

Answer 2

Na, Cl, K

Question 3

Myocardial rhythm & contractility

Answer 3

Heart activity: K, Mg, Ca

Question 4

Neuromuscular Excitability

Answer 4

Nerve transfusion, regulates synapse (neuromuscular junction): K, Mg, Ca

Question 5

Cofactors in enzyme activation

Answer 5

Non-protein substances that enhance enzymatic reactions
Electrolytes that acts as activators: Mg, Ca, Zn

Question 6

Regulation of ATPase ion pumps

Answer 6

Active transport of ion on cell membrane: Mg

Question 7

Acid-base balance

Answer 7

Maintains equilibrium in acid-base content of plasma: HCO3-, K, Cl

Question 8

Production & use of ATP from glucose

Answer 8

During glycolysis: Mg, PO4-

Question 9

Ex. of Cation Electrolytes

Answer 9

Na+
K+
Ca2+
Mg2+

Question 10

Cation Extracellular Values

Answer 10

Na+ (136-145)
K+ (3.5-5.1)
Ca2+ (2.15-2.5)
Mg2+ (0.63-1)

Question 11

Cation Intracellular Values

Answer 11

Na+ (15)
K+ (150)
Ca2+ (1)
Mg2+ (13.5)

Question 12

Ex. of Anion Electrolytes

Answer 12

HCO3-
Cl-
HPO2-
SO2-

Question 13

Anion Extracellular Values

Answer 13

HCO3- (23-29)
Cl- (98-107)
HPO2- (0.78-142)
SO2- (0.5)

Question 14

Anion Intracellular Values

Answer 14

HCO3- (10)
Cl- (1)
HPO2- (50)
SO2- (10)