ANION GAP

Question 1

Mathematical approximation of difference between the concentration of unmeasured cations & unmeasured anions

Answer 1

ANION GAP

Question 2

T/F. Significance: Indicates an increase in one or more of unmeasured anions in the serum

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Formulas
o AG = Na – (Cl + HCO3)
 Reference values:

Answer 3

7- 16 mmol/L

Question 4

Formulas
o AG = (Na + K) – (Cl + HCO3)
 Reference values:

Answer 4

10 – 20 mmol/L

Question 5

> 20 mEq/L
↑ unmeasured anions

Answer 5

Increased ANION GAP

Question 6

Conditions that causes of Increased ANION GAP

Answer 6

• Uremia
• Ketotic states (DM, alcoholism, starvation)
• Lactic acidosis
• Toxin ingestion (salicylates, methanol, ethylene glycol)
• Dehydration (↑ plasma protein)
• Metabolic alkalosis
• Renal disease

Question 7

<10 mEq/L
↓ unmeasured anions (hypoalbuminemia)
↑ in unmeasured cations

Answer 7

Decreased ANION GAP

Question 8

Increased In Unmeasured Cations

Answer 8

• Hypermagnesemia
• Hypercalcemia
• Multiple myeloma
• Polyclonal gammopathy

Question 9

T/F. For individuals who are generally healthy, but anion gap is increased, it indicates poor QC for the analyzers. Thus, this anion gap elevation can be used for QC to check for the accuracy of the machine.

Answer 9

Both statement are correct