CHLORIDE

Question 1

MAJOR EXTRACELLULAR ANION

Answer 1

CHLORIDE

Question 2

T/F. In the plasma, Cl Level is same with Na (DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL)

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Involve in maintaining osmolality, blood volume and electric neutrality (chloride shift)

Answer 3

CHLORIDE

Question 4

involved in maintaining the NEGATIVE CHARGE balance in and out of the cell (ELECTRONEUTRALITY) thru chloride shift

Answer 4

Cl- and HCO3-

Question 5

T/F. Rate limiting component in Sodium reabsorption: Na+ and Cl- may exist as salt since opposite charge attract each other

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Cl is passively reabsorbed as well

Answer 6

When Na+ is reabsorbed

Question 7

Cl is passively excreted as well

Answer 7

When Na+ is excreted

Question 8

Cl- can also be excreted in skin through perspiration

Answer 8

With Na+

Question 9

Formation of carbonic acid produces bicarbonate and hydrogen ions

Answer 9

CHLORIDE SHIFT

Question 10

T/F. In, CHLORIDE SHIFT.
When bicarbonate is generated inside the cell, most of them would diffuse and stay the cell, thus decreasing the negative charge of the cell

Answer 10

False, diffuse and leave the cell

Question 11

T/F. In, CHLORIDE SHIFT.
Chloride present in the plasma would then enter the cell to compensate for lost bicarbonate negative charge

Answer 11

True

Question 12

T/F. In, CHLORIDE SHIFT.
The produced hydrogen ions is buffered/will bind with the deoxyhemoglobin of red cell

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Reference values of Chloride

Answer 13

98-107 mmol/L

Question 14

CAUSE OF HYPERCHLOREMIA

Answer 14

Excess loss of HCO3

Question 15

CAUSE OF Excess loss of HCO3

Answer 15

GI losses
Renal Tubular Acidosis
Metabolic Acidosis

Question 16

CAUSES OF HYPOCHLOREMIA

Answer 16

Excess loss of Cl

Question 17

CAUSES OF Excess loss of Cl

Answer 17

Prolonged vomiting
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Aldosterone deficiency
Salt-losing pyelonephritis

Question 18

What are the tube and specimen needed for Specimen Collection of Chloride?

Answer 18

Serum, Plasma (Lithium heparin), 24-hour urine

Question 19

T/F. False ↓ with marked hemolysis due to dilution

Answer 19

True

Question 20

In ISE, Membrane used for chloride should contain

Answer 20

Tri-n-octylpropyl ammonium chloride decanol

Question 21

REFERENCE METHOD for chloride

Answer 21

ISE

Question 22

• Used for the measurement of chloride level in sweat.
• This is useful for the diagnosis of CYSTIC FIBROSIS (MUCOVISCIDOSIS)
• REACTION: Ag2+ + 2Cl- → AgCl2

Answer 22

AMPEROMETRIC-COULOMETRIC: (COTLOVE CHLORIDOMETER)

Question 23

(sweat inducing drug) is given to patient to collect sufficient sweat specimen

Answer 23

Pilocarpine

Question 24

• COLORIMETRIC METHOD for determination of chloride (now an obsolete test)
• REACTION: Cl- + Hg(NO3)2 –S-diphenylcarbazone → Hg-S- diphenylcarbazone (violet)

Answer 24

SCHALES AND SCHALES

Question 25

Principle of SCHALES AND SCHALES

Answer 25

Titration with mercuric nitrate

Question 26

Indicator of SCHALES AND SCHALES

Answer 26

S-diphenylcarbazone

Question 27

Cl + Mercuric thiocyanate (SCN)2 → HgCl2 + free thiocyanate ions
Thiocyanate ions + FeCl3 → ferric thiocyanate (reddish color)

Answer 27

COLORIMETRIC

Question 28

T/F. Absorbance is directly proportional to the Cl concentration

Answer 28

True