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MTAP2 CC2 > CALCIUM > Flashcards

CALCIUM Flashcards

1
Q
  • DIVALENT CATION; 5TH MOST COMMON ELEMENT in the body
  • For muscle contraction
  • For blood coagulation
A

CALCIUM

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2
Q

Ca is evaluated with phosphorus for

A

bone metabolism

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3
Q

T/F. Ca is MAJOR INORGANIC COMPONENT of the osseous tissues (bone)

A

True

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4
Q

T/F. Presence of calcium cannot activate enzymes in coagulation cascade

A

False, can activate enzymes in coagulation cascade

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5
Q

Absorbed in the upper Small Intestine in the presence of

A

Vitamin D (Active Form)

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6
Q

Percentage of Ca that found in bones and teeth

A

99%

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7
Q

Percentage of Ca that found in blood and ECF

A

1%

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8
Q

Ca DISTRIBUTION IN BLOOD through:

A

IONIZED
PROTEIN BOUND
COMPLEX

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9
Q

Physiological ACTIVE form of calcium (UNBOUND/FREE FORM)
45% of total Calcium in the plasma

A

IONIZED

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10
Q

Attached to a protein (Albumin – protein transporter)
40% of Total Calcium

A

PROTEIN BOUND

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11
Q

Bound to ANIONS (opposite charge)
Ex: Bicarbonate, Phosphate, & Lactate
15% of Total Calcium

A

COMPLEX

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12
Q

What are the FACTORS AFFECTING CALCIUM LEVEL IN THE BLOOD?

A

BONE RESORPTION
BONE DEPOSITION
INTESTINAL ABSORPTION

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13
Q

Bone matrix destruction by the Osteoclast → calcium release in blood
Promoted by PTH, which mobilizes calcium from the bone to the blood

A

BONE RESORPTION

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14
Q

Also known as Bone Mineralization (Bone formation)
Cause ↓ blood calcium level
Promoted by calcitonin (inhibits PTH and vitamin D activity)

A

BONE DEPOSITION

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15
Q

Promoted by Vitamin D in the active form
Can INCREASE BONE RESORPTION

A

INTESTINAL ABSORPTION

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16
Q

will result to the inhibition of PTH release

A

Presence of HYPERCALCEMIA

17
Q

will induce PTH secretion by the parathyroid gland to act on the bone & kidney, stimulating bone resorption and calcium absorption in the kidneys

A

Presence of HYPOCALCEMIA

18
Q

promotes:
PTH stimulates osteoclastic activity which releases Ca++ and HPO4-

A

In Bone

19
Q

promotes:
Absorption of Ca2+
Excretion of HPO4-
Activation of renal 1-a-hydroxylas

A

In the Kidney, PTH

20
Q

coverts 25-OH Vitamin D to 1,25 (OH)2 Vit D (active form)

A

1-α-hydroxylase

21
Q

T/F. 1,25 (OH)2 Vit D, promotes Intestinal Absorption and Renal Reabsorption of Ca2+ and HPO4-

A

True

22
Q

T/F. The UV rays from the early morning sunlight (best time) accelerates and hastens the activation of Vitamin D in the blood or biologic system. However, prolonged exposure to UV rays is damaging. Melanin cannot PROTECT us from it.

A

First sentence is correct, Second sentence is incorrect
*Melanin can PROTECT us from it.

23
Q

protection is low and is prone to skin disorders

A

Too low melanin

24
Q

excess melanin can block UV rays which leads to poor activation of available Vitamin D → prone to bone disorders

A

Too high melanin

25
Q

Reference range of Calcium

A

8.6-10 mg/dL

26
Q

CAUSES OF HYPOCALCEMIA

A

Primary hypoparathyroidism: (PTH ↑ excretion of Ca2+)
Hypo/hypermagnesemia: ↓ PTH quantity and activity; Vit. D. resistance
Hypoalbuminemia: Chronic liver disease, Nephrotic syndrome, Malnutrition
Acute Pancreatitis: (↑ lipase)
Vitami D deficiency: (↓ absorption)
Renal Disease
Rhabdomyolysis: ↑ PO4 release from cells which binds calcium

27
Q

CAUSES OF HYPERCALCEMIA

A

Primary hyperparathyroidism
Malignancy
Multiple Myeloma
↑ Vitamin D
Thiazide diuretics (↑ Ca reabsorption)
Prolonged immobilization (↑ resorption)

28
Q

What are the tube and specimen needed for Specimen Collection of Calcium?

A

Serum, Plasma (lithium heparin), 24-hour urine

29
Q

T/F. Hemolysis cause False ↑

A

True

30
Q

REFERENCE METHOD for Calcium and Magnesium

A

AAS

31
Q

uses liquid membrane electrode

A

ISE

32
Q

used for the colorimetric measurement of serum calcium

A

Ortho-cresolphthalein complexone (CPC)

33
Q

Colorimetric Method for Ca

A

Arsenzo III dye

34
Q

chelating agent for calcium

A

EDTA Titration method

35
Q

Ex. of chelating agent for calcium

A

BACARA, Gower, Sobel

36
Q

(Redox Titration method)
o Precipitation of Calcium as Calcium Oxalate(CaC2O4)
o CaC2O4 + H2SO4 → oxalic acid (H2C2O4)
o H2C2O titrated with KMNO4 → PINK COLOR

A

Clark and Collip

37
Q

(Precipitation with Chloranilic acid)
o Ca2+ + Sodium chloranilate → Ca Chloranilate
o Ca Chloranilate + EDTA → Chloranilic acid

A

Ferro and Ham

MTAP2 CC2 (12 decks)

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