Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

biology > Functional Groups and Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Functional Groups and Carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

What are isomers?

A

Molecules with the same chemical/molecular formula but different structures

Ex: Glucose, Fructose, Galactose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Monomers?

A

The small building blocks for molecules

Ex: Carbs - monosaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Dimers

A

Two monomers joined together

Ex: Carbs - disaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Polymers

A

A long molecule consisting of similar building blocks

Ex: Carbs - polysaccharides

*Lipids do not form polymers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Dehydration Syntheis?

A

When two monomers bond through the lost of a water molecule

Ex: when this occurs, glucose monomers become a polysaccharide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hydrolysis?

A

When monomers that are bonded gain a water molecule, and break apart

Ex: Hydrolysis of a dissacharides results in seperate monosaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Three things about Carbon?

A
  1. Carbon can make 4 covalent bonds
  2. Carbon can make single, double, and triple bonds
  3. Organic compounds contain carbon

the organic compounds are lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hydroxyl

structural formula and basic function

A

Structual formula: –OH
Found in: Alcohols such a glycerol, Carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Carbonyl

structural formula and basic function

A

Structural Formula: -C=O
Found in: Carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Carbonyl (continued)

the two different carbonyl groups!

A

Ketone: is found in the middle
Aldehyde: is found on the edge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Carboxyl

structural formula and basic function

A

Structural Formula: -OH, -C=O
Found in: Fatty + Amino Acids

Carboxyl is Carbonyl and Hydroxl combined.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Amino

structural formula and basic function

A

Structural Formula: NH2 or NH3
Found in: Amino Acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Phosphate

structural formula and basic function
(say where it is found)

A

Structural Formula: -P=O, -P-O
Found in: DNA and RNA, ATP (provides energy in this form), Phospholipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Sulfhydryl

structural formula and basic function

A

Structural Formula: -SH
Found in: Amino Acids, Proteins
(stabilizes protein struture)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Methyl

structural formula and basic function

A

Structural Formula: -CH3
Found in: unknown
(regulates gene expression)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Carbohydrates?

A

They serve as fuel (energy) and building material

17
Q

General Forumula for Carbohydrates?

A

CnH2nO2n
(n = # of Carbons)
Specific Formula for Glucose, Fructose, and Galactose is C6H12O6

18
Q

What is the difference between Monosaccharides, Dissacharides, and Polysaccharides?

A

Monosaccharides = 1 sugar unit
Dissacharides = 2 sugar units (two monosaccharides)
Polysaccharides = multiple sugar units (many monosaccharides)

19
Q

What are five monosaccharides?

A
  1. Glucose
  2. Fructose
  3. Galactose
  4. DeoxyRibose
  5. Ribose

Deoxyribose and Ribose have 5 carbon instead of 6!

20
Q

What are three disaccharides?

A
  1. Sucrose
  2. Lactose
  3. Maltose
21
Q

What monosaccharides make the three disaccharides?

hint: sucrose, maltose, and lactose

A
  1. Glucose + Glucose = Maltose
  2. Glucose + Galactose = Lactose
  3. Glucose + Fructose = Sucrose
22
Q

What are the types of functions of Polysaccharides?

A

Energy Storage and Structual

23
Q

Energy Storage?

where is it found?

A

Starch in plants
Glycogen in animal liver and muscle

24
Q

What are the three structural polysaccharides?

A
  • Cellulose: Plant cell wall
  • Chitin: Fungi cell wall
  • Peptidoglycan: Bacterial cell wall
25
Q

Some more info on cellulose?

what is it made of? why can’t our bodies break it down?

A
  • Cellulose is made of beta-glucoses.
  • Our bodies can’t break down cellulose for energy because we lack the enzyme
    that recognizes the beta-glucose linkages, but we need cellulose for fiber for a
    healthy digest system (colon)
26
Q

If 8 glucoses are joined together, how many water molecules were removed?

A

7 water molecules

27
Q

Alpha-Glucose vs. Beta-Glucose

know the difference of their structures

A

the orientation of the hydroxyl group which is on the same side in α-glucose and on the opposite sides in the β-glucose.
(The OH are switched on carbon 1)

(AB1 look at carbon 1)

28
Q

Galactose vs. Glucose

know the difference between these two structures

A

OH is up on C-4 in galactose

(GG4 look at carbon 4)

biology (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions