Basic Chemistry

Question 2

Atomic Structure
- Charges, location, and relative mass of electrons, protons, neutrons

Answer 2

charges: electron = negative, neutron = no charge, proton = positive

location: electrons are the outermost region of the atom, and protons and neutron are in the nucleus of the atom

relative mass: the electron is much lighter than the proton and neutron, that is why when we are finding out an atom’s mass we don’t take the electrons weight.

Question 3

Atomic Number

Answer 3

the number of protons in an atom.

Question 4

Mass Number

Answer 4

sum of the number of protons + neutrons

Question 5

atomic weight = atomic mass!

*they are pretty much the same

Answer 5

the decimal number under each element.
-atomic mass represent the mass of a single atom
-atomic weight represents the average weight

Question 6

How do you calculate atomic weight?

Answer 6

Step 1: convert the percentages to a decimal fraction
ex: 75.77 to 0.7577

Step 2: multiply the decimal by mass
ex: 0.7577 times 35

Step 3: sum it all up

Question 7

Valence Electrons

Answer 7

electrons on the outermost shell

Question 8

What does the group number and period number show?

Answer 8

group number = # of valence electrons
periond number = # of electron energy shell

Question 9

Nobles gases are chemically inert.
What does that mean?

Answer 9

they don’t need to bond with other element
(if all the electrons are paired up, these electrons can’t make bonds with other atoms)

Question 10

Halogens are in which group

Answer 10

7

Question 11

Isotopes

Answer 11

atoms of the same element having different masses

*be able to determine the amount of protons and neutrons

Question 12

Ionic bond
cation =?
anion =?

Answer 12

formed when an atom gains or loses one or more electrons
cation = positively charged ion: results fom the loss of electron (sodium)
anion = negatively charged ion: results from the gain of electrons (chloride)