Functional food lecture 11 Flashcards
IBD includes:
Ulcerative colitis (UC)
Crohns disease (CD)
Inflammation affects the entire digestive tract in CD and just the large intestine in the UC
UC and CD results from?
Imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory T cell responses
Abnormal and innate immune response
Altered epithelial barrier function
AND/OR
an imbalance of intestinal microbiota with alterations in the mutual relationships of the microbiota called dysbiosis
Crohns diseases Th cells
Th1 cells play a role in the identification and eradication of intracellular pathogens - pro-inflammatory cytokines
T17 cells play a role in host defense against extracellular pathogens
Th1> Th2
Th1>Th17
Ulcerative colitis Th cells
Th2 stimulates humoral immune response, promotes Bcell proliferation and induces antibody production
Treg cells: regulatory T cells (Tregs) are specialized subpop. of T cells that act to suppress the immune response, thereby maintaining homeostasis and self-tolerance
Th2>Th1
Th17<Th2>Treg</Th2>
Gut microbiome changes in IBD
- reduced no and diversity of phylum Firmicutes
- Increase no of bacteria from phylum Bacteroidetes
- increase no of bacteria from phylum Proteobacteria
Pharmacological treatment
Amino salicylic acid =
used as a first line treatment for mild to moderate UC and mild CD. Used in the maintenance of IBD
Corticosteriods= rapid acting anti-inflammatory drugs used for moderate to severe CD/UC. Used to induce remission.
Immunomodulators=
Suppress the immune system
used if other drugs dont work or if you become steroid dependent.
Antibiotics=
treat some of the complications associated with Crohn’s
Biologic therapies (anti-TNF drugs)=
TNF(tumour necrosis factor cytokine) has role in inflammatory response
they block TNF
Pathogens linked with IBD
E.coli AIEC
Helicobacter
Clostridium difficile
Campylobacter
Most common probiotics used in the
treatment of IBD include:
Lactobacillus sp
Bifidobacterium sp
E. coli Nissle 1917
Sacchromyces bouladrii
VSL#3: probiotic cocktail
Lactobacillus
Bifidobacterium
Streptococcus
4 strains of lactobacilli
L. casei, L. plantarum, L. acidophilus, L. delbrueckii subsip. bulgaricus
3 strains of bifidobacteria
B. longum, B. breve, B. infantis
1 strain of Streptococcus
S. salivarious subsp. thermophilus
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT)
Stool is taken form a healthy surrogate and inserted into an unhealthy person with a curative intent
Probiotic metabolites: Short chain Fatty As (SCFAs)
produced from fermentation of non-digestible CHO in the colon.
Butyrate, acetate, propionate
IBD patients: decrease in metabolism of SCFAs
SCFAs
Butyrate: provides energy for epithelial cells
Propionate: metabolised in the liver
Acetate: exists in high conc. in the blood
Antioxidants
protects cells from damaging free radical effects such as:
oxygen, superoxide, peroxyl radicals, hydroxyl radicals, peroxynitrite
Tissue level: Down regulate neutrophil or monocyte activation which prevents formation of free radicals
Cellular level: Block membrane receptors, scavenge free radicals after formation and release
