functional food lecture 10 Flashcards
What bacterium is know to exert health benefits on the GI, respiratory and urogenital tracts and how is this achieved through supplementaton?
Lacotbacillus and Bifidobacterium
with symbiotics- pro and prebiotics and emerging concepts - post and parabiotics
How can probiotics be effective
- probiotic strain must reach the site of action
- should be able to colonize at this location
-should be tolerated by the immune system - generally recognized as safe
- be compatible with the food manufacturing process
Probiotics and effect on healtj
Bacteriocins- inhibit pathogens
Bioactive lipids- fatty A manipulation, CLA bioactive lipids
Bioactive peptides- enzymes
Produce exopolysaccharides- beta glucan
Neurotransmitters- psychobiotics, brain gut axis
Bioactive carbs- prebiotics (oligosaccharides)
What does Lactobacillus casei DN114 001 do?
Enhances the immune system
promotes normal digestive health
improves digestive balance
Reduces acute diarrhoea in kids
What does Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG do?
Reduces bloating & diarrhoea
alleviates antibiotic associated diarrhoea
reduces risk of rotavirus gastroenteritis in kids
Alleviates traveller’s diarrhoea
enhances immune system allergy symptoms
Probiotic health claim
refers to probiotic bacteria, when used on a food label is considered a health claim
No approved health claims for probiotics in the EU
What is a prebiotics?
non-digestible food ingredient that affects the host by selectively stimulating the growth and/or activity of one or a limited number of the bacteria in the colon, can improve the health of the host.
What is a type of prebiotic?
oligosaccharides - formed by the union of 2-10 monosaccharides through glycosidic bonds - called non digestible oligosaccharides (osidic bonds) can be found in food and used by the gut microbiota in the colon.
Prebiotics: Beneficial effects
Are fermented by probiotics in the colon to produce metabolites that play an important role in health
- short chain fatty As - butyrate, acetate and propionate
Prebiotic host effects and health benefits
- host energy needs, gluconeogenesis, lipid biosynthesis, colonocyte fuel source
- regulation of hormones and endocannabinoid system
- reduction of colon transit time by stimulating peristalsis and maintaining osmolarity
- Decrease of luminal pH
- Metabolic regualtion
- Increase cell proliferation in colonocytes and induces apoptosis of colon cancer cells
- increase solubility of minerals with a positive effect on bone health
- Appetite regulation
Prebiotic ingredients used in food and pharmaceutical industries:
Galactooligosaccharides (GOS)
Xylooligosaccharides (XOS)
Fructooligosaccharides (FOS)
Isomaltooligosaccharides (IMO)
Soy bean oligosaccharides
Inulin
Lactusucrose
Lactulose
Cyclodextrins
Galatooligosaccharides (GOS) information
Occurs naturally in milk
Formed from glucose and galactose through B galactosidase enzymes
GRAS
In infant formula
Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) information
Bamboo shoots, fruits, veg, milk, and honey
Formed from xylan through xylanase enzymes
GRAS
Fructooligosaccharides (FOS)(oligofructan/oligofructose) information
Bananas, onions, asparagus, leeks
Formed from sucrose through fructosyltmasferase enzymes or degradation of inulin linear fructose molecule.
GRAS
What is a synbiotic?
A mixture of pro and prebiotics which beneficially affects the host by improving the survival and implantation of live probiotic bacteria in the GIT or allow the selective growth of native GI beneficial bacteria
What is synergism?
Combination of probiotic bacteria and growth promoting prebiotic ingredient
Examples of synbiotics
Bifidobacterium + FOS
Bifidobacterium + GOS
Lactobacillus GG + Inulin
Lactobacillus + FOS
What are the 2 synbiotic concepts?
Complementary concept
Synergistic concept
Synbiotic complementary concept
A single or combination of probiotic bacteria, selected based on the specific-desired host benefits and prebiotics that are independently chosen to stimulate the beneficial gut microbial pop.
Prebiotics promote growth and activity of the ingested probiotic but only indirectly
Synbiotic synergistic concept
Specific host beneficial probiotics are selected and the prebiotic component is chosen to specifically enhance the survival, growth and activity of the selected probiotic strain
An ideal synergistic synbiotic should contain :
An appropriate single or multi-strain probiotic
Suitable mixture of prebiotics
Probiotic definition
Live microorgs which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit to the host
Prebiotic definition
Non digestible substances that provide a beneficial physiological effect for the host by selectively stimulating the favourable growth or activity of a limited no of indigenous bactera
Synbiotic definition
appropriate combinations of prebiotics and probiotics which exert both pre and probiotic effects
What are parabiotics
non-viable microbial cells (either intact or broken) or crude cell extracts which when administered (orally or topically) in adequate amounts which confer a benefit on the human or animal consumer
what are postbiotics
Non viable bacterial products or metabolic products from microorgs hat have biological activity in the host
what are probioceuticals
probiotic derived factors such as reuterin from lactobacillus reuteri
how much probiotic is needed for a beneficial effect
10^6
Probiotic strain selection
Intrinsic tolerance to stress is important factor in determining the resistance of probiotics
probiotic stress adaptation
Increase intrinsic stress factors through adaptation.
Exposure to sub-lethal stresses which allow it to adapt and become more resistant to more lethal stresses
Look at slide 34 ish for information on probiotic selection!!!!!
