functional food lecture 10

Question 1

What bacterium is know to exert health benefits on the GI, respiratory and urogenital tracts and how is this achieved through supplementaton?

Answer 1

Lacotbacillus and Bifidobacterium
with symbiotics- pro and prebiotics and emerging concepts - post and parabiotics

Question 2

How can probiotics be effective

Answer 2

• probiotic strain must reach the site of action
• should be able to colonize at this location
  -should be tolerated by the immune system
• generally recognized as safe
• be compatible with the food manufacturing process

Question 3

Probiotics and effect on healtj

Answer 3

Bacteriocins- inhibit pathogens
Bioactive lipids- fatty A manipulation, CLA bioactive lipids
Bioactive peptides- enzymes
Produce exopolysaccharides- beta glucan
Neurotransmitters- psychobiotics, brain gut axis
Bioactive carbs- prebiotics (oligosaccharides)

Question 4

What does Lactobacillus casei DN114 001 do?

Answer 4

Enhances the immune system
promotes normal digestive health
improves digestive balance
Reduces acute diarrhoea in kids

Question 5

What does Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG do?

Answer 5

Reduces bloating & diarrhoea
alleviates antibiotic associated diarrhoea
reduces risk of rotavirus gastroenteritis in kids
Alleviates traveller’s diarrhoea
enhances immune system allergy symptoms

Question 6

Probiotic health claim

Answer 6

refers to probiotic bacteria, when used on a food label is considered a health claim
No approved health claims for probiotics in the EU

Question 7

What is a prebiotics?

Answer 7

non-digestible food ingredient that affects the host by selectively stimulating the growth and/or activity of one or a limited number of the bacteria in the colon, can improve the health of the host.

Question 8

What is a type of prebiotic?

Answer 8

oligosaccharides - formed by the union of 2-10 monosaccharides through glycosidic bonds - called non digestible oligosaccharides (osidic bonds) can be found in food and used by the gut microbiota in the colon.

Question 9

Prebiotics: Beneficial effects

Answer 9

Are fermented by probiotics in the colon to produce metabolites that play an important role in health
- short chain fatty As - butyrate, acetate and propionate

Question 10

Prebiotic host effects and health benefits

Answer 10

• host energy needs, gluconeogenesis, lipid biosynthesis, colonocyte fuel source
• regulation of hormones and endocannabinoid system
• reduction of colon transit time by stimulating peristalsis and maintaining osmolarity
• Decrease of luminal pH
• Metabolic regualtion
• Increase cell proliferation in colonocytes and induces apoptosis of colon cancer cells
• increase solubility of minerals with a positive effect on bone health
• Appetite regulation

Question 11

Prebiotic ingredients used in food and pharmaceutical industries:

Answer 11

Galactooligosaccharides (GOS)
Xylooligosaccharides (XOS)
Fructooligosaccharides (FOS)
Isomaltooligosaccharides (IMO)
Soy bean oligosaccharides
Inulin
Lactusucrose
Lactulose
Cyclodextrins

Question 12

Galatooligosaccharides (GOS) information

Answer 12

Occurs naturally in milk
Formed from glucose and galactose through B galactosidase enzymes
GRAS
In infant formula

Question 13

Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) information

Answer 13

Bamboo shoots, fruits, veg, milk, and honey
Formed from xylan through xylanase enzymes
GRAS

Question 14

Fructooligosaccharides (FOS)(oligofructan/oligofructose) information

Answer 14

Bananas, onions, asparagus, leeks
Formed from sucrose through fructosyltmasferase enzymes or degradation of inulin linear fructose molecule.
GRAS

Question 15

What is a synbiotic?

Answer 15

A mixture of pro and prebiotics which beneficially affects the host by improving the survival and implantation of live probiotic bacteria in the GIT or allow the selective growth of native GI beneficial bacteria

Question 16

What is synergism?

Answer 16

Combination of probiotic bacteria and growth promoting prebiotic ingredient

Question 17

Examples of synbiotics

Answer 17

Bifidobacterium + FOS
Bifidobacterium + GOS
Lactobacillus GG + Inulin
Lactobacillus + FOS

Question 18

What are the 2 synbiotic concepts?

Answer 18

Complementary concept
Synergistic concept

Question 19

Synbiotic complementary concept

Answer 19

A single or combination of probiotic bacteria, selected based on the specific-desired host benefits and prebiotics that are independently chosen to stimulate the beneficial gut microbial pop.
Prebiotics promote growth and activity of the ingested probiotic but only indirectly

Question 20

Synbiotic synergistic concept

Answer 20

Specific host beneficial probiotics are selected and the prebiotic component is chosen to specifically enhance the survival, growth and activity of the selected probiotic strain

Question 21

An ideal synergistic synbiotic should contain :

Answer 21

An appropriate single or multi-strain probiotic
Suitable mixture of prebiotics

Question 22

Probiotic definition

Answer 22

Live microorgs which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit to the host

Question 23

Prebiotic definition

Answer 23

Non digestible substances that provide a beneficial physiological effect for the host by selectively stimulating the favourable growth or activity of a limited no of indigenous bactera

Question 24

Synbiotic definition

Answer 24

appropriate combinations of prebiotics and probiotics which exert both pre and probiotic effects

Question 25

What are parabiotics

Answer 25

non-viable microbial cells (either intact or broken) or crude cell extracts which when administered (orally or topically) in adequate amounts which confer a benefit on the human or animal consumer

Question 26

what are postbiotics

Answer 26

Non viable bacterial products or metabolic products from microorgs hat have biological activity in the host

Question 27

what are probioceuticals

Answer 27

probiotic derived factors such as reuterin from lactobacillus reuteri

Question 28

how much probiotic is needed for a beneficial effect

Answer 28

10^6

Question 29

Probiotic strain selection

Answer 29

Intrinsic tolerance to stress is important factor in determining the resistance of probiotics

Question 30

probiotic stress adaptation

Answer 30

Increase intrinsic stress factors through adaptation.
Exposure to sub-lethal stresses which allow it to adapt and become more resistant to more lethal stresses

Question 31

Look at slide 34 ish for information on probiotic selection!!!!!