FRUITS 2

Question 1

is there a universal definition for “superfood”

Answer 1

no, but often described as providing a number of
nutrients and health benefits all in one package.

Question 2

what are some examples of superfoods

Answer 2

• Chia Seeds
• Flaxseeds
• Pumpkin Seeds
• Blueberries
• Acai Berries
• Tart Cherries
• Avocados
• Cranberries

Question 3

what are canned fruits

Answer 3

have been cooked─taste, texture
and [possibly] nutrients altered

Question 4

how are frozen fruits frozen

Answer 4

frozen fresh (possibly sugar added); Color and flavor are retained but texture ↓in quality due to cell-rupturing (become soft)

Question 5

what do dried fruits have more of

Answer 5

concentrated flavor and nutrients
(up to 70% carbohydrate); Can be an alternative to candy

Question 6

what are fruit juices

Answer 6

have high water content of fruit makes them easy to squeeze or pulverize into a juice (exceptions: banana, avocado)

Question 7

what does labeling of fruit juices depend on

Answer 7

ratio of fruit juice to water

Question 8

what does juice label mean

Answer 8

100% fruit juice

Question 9

what does juice drink mean

Answer 9

less than 50% fruit juice

Question 10

what does nectar mean

Answer 10

less than 30% fruit juice

Question 11

what does Ade mean

Answer 11

less than 25% fruit juice

Question 12

what does extraction mean

Answer 12

juices are expelled from the fruit

Question 13

what does clarification mean

Answer 13

enzymes (pectinase and cellulase) added to degrade pectin and cellulose

Question 14

what does deaturation mean

Answer 14

entrapped air is removed (oxygen can cause
undesirable changes)

Question 15

what does pasteurization mean

Answer 15

high heat used to inactivate enzymes and
microorganisms that lead to deterioration/illness

Question 16

what do concentrations/additions indicate

Answer 16

blending, flavoring, carbonating, fortifying, etc.

Question 17

how do fruit colors change throughout ripeninng

Answer 17

ethylene gas facilitates process of colors becoming more radiannt/ brighter during ripening as chlorophyll degrades

Question 18

how does texture change during ripening

Answer 18

fruit becomes more desirable, because of the softens thats induced because of heating

Question 19

what is degraded during ripening

Answer 19

pectin, cellulose and hemicellulose, cell-membrane proteins and ability to maintain turgor

Question 20

how does flavor change from heating

Answer 20

can be lost due to chemical configuration of sugars, acids, aromatic compounds, and essential oils

Question 21

whats zest

Answer 21

the outermost bright colored
layer of citrus peels

Question 22

whats zest a resvoir for

Answer 22

potent aromatic oils− often more flavor in the zest than the juice

Question 23

what are examples of dry-heat prep

Answer 23

Baking, broiling, grilling,
frying/sautéing

Question 24

what are examples of moist-heat prep

Answer 24

Stewing/poaching

Question 25

what are preserves

Answer 25

whole, halves, or chunks

Question 26

what are jams

Answer 26

ground or mashed fruits

Question 27

what are conserves

Answer 27

mixture containing fruits, nuts, and raisins

Question 28

what are jellies

Answer 28

juice with added sugar and pectin

Question 29

what are marmalades

Answer 29

juice with thin fruit slices and rind

Question 30

what are fruit butters

Answer 30

fruits are cooked for long time until thick and
pasty (do not contain actual butter)

Question 31

what are climactic fruits

Answer 31

fruits that are harvested before fully ripen, and that experience an increased phase of
respiratory rate right before becoming fully ripe

Question 32

what are nonclimcatic fruits

Answer 32

harvest after fully ripen; fruits respire at the same or lower rate after harvest

Question 33

what does fruit waxing do

Answer 33

resist moisture loss, enhances fruit firmness, slows down natural degradation of apples

Question 34

can food grade waxes be used for waxing

Answer 34

yes, shellac

Question 35

do some fruits produce natural wax

Answer 35

yes

Question 36

whats the shellac

Answer 36

hardened secretion of the small,
parasitic insect Kerria lacca, popularly known as
the lac insect.

Question 37

how should bananas, dates uncut pineapples and pomegranates be stored once ripe

Answer 37

• Bananas: room temperature
• Dates: will last for weeks at room temp (longer in fridge)
• Uncut pineapples: room temperature (~3 days)
• Pomegranates: room temperature for a few days; refrigerate beyond a few days

Question 38

how should citric fruits be stored once ripe

Answer 38

at cool room temperature or refrigerated