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NIFE Academics > FRR 3: Airspace and General Flight Rules > Flashcards

FRR 3: Airspace and General Flight Rules Flashcards

1
Q

Controlled Airspace

A

Airspace where air traffic control services are provided and the ATC has the authority/ability to control that airspace

Class A, B, C, D, and E airspaces

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2
Q

Uncontrolled Airspace

A

Airspace in which there are no air traffic control services provided and the ATC has no authority/ability to control that airspace

Any non- Class A, B, C, D, and E airspaces

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3
Q

What are the dimensions of Class A airspace?

A

From 18,000’ MSL to FL600 (including FL600)

Consists of the entire continental US

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4
Q

What are the dimensions of Class B airspace?

A

From the surface to 10,000’ MSL

(Resembles an upside wedding cake…the size varies based on the airport)

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5
Q

What are the dimensions of Class C airspace?

A
  • Inner circle has a radius of 5NM that extends from the surface to 4,000’ AGL
  • Outer circle has a radius of 10NM that extends from 1,200’ AGL to 4,000’ AGL
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6
Q

What are the dimensions of Class D airspace?

A

Has a radius of 4NM that extends from the surface to 2,500’ AGL

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7
Q

What are the dimensions of Class E airspace?

A
  • Has no vertical defined limit but stops at 18,000’ MSL
  • Begins at 1,200’ AGL (some exclusions where it starts at 700’ AGL near airports or at 14,500’ MSL in mountaineous terrain)
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8
Q

Class A airspace only allows what kind of traffic?

A

Only IFR traffic can fly in Class A airspace

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9
Q

What are the entry requirements for Class A airspaces?

A
  1. Pilot and aircraft are instrument rated
  2. Transponder with Mode C
  3. IFR Clearance prior to entering
  4. Maintain two-radio communication with ATC
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10
Q

What are the entry requirements for Class B airspaces?

A
  1. Pilot must have PPL (or designated aviator if in military aircraft)
  2. An operable VOR/TACAN reciever for IFR
  3. Transponder with Mode C
  4. ATC clearance prior to operations
  5. Maintain two-way comms with ATC
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11
Q

What are the entry requirements for Class C airspaces?

A
  1. Transponder with Mode C
  2. Establish & maintain two-way comms with ATC

For Class C only, two-way comms is considered established with ATC responds to with your aircraft’s specific callsign

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12
Q

What are the entry requirements for Class D airspaces?

A
  1. Establish two-way comms with ATC
  2. Maintain comms while operating in Class D airspace
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13
Q

What are the entry requirements for Class E airspaces?

A

There are no specific pilot certification, equipment, or entry requirements

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14
Q

What is Class G airspace?

A

Uncontrolled airspace

FAA provides minimal guidance for aircraft in this airspace

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15
Q

What are the dimensions of a Victor airway?

A

Vertically from 1,200’ AGL to 18,000’ MSL (not including 18,000’MSL)

Laterally, the width is 4NM on either side of the centerline so 8NM for the entire lane

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16
Q

What are the dimensions of a Jet route?

A

Vertically from 18,000’ MSL to FL450 with no defined width

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17
Q

What are victor airways and jet routes?

A

Established, controlled airspaces that standardizes routes between airports with two or more navigational aids

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18
Q

In what additional situations are you required to have a Mode C transponder?

A
  1. In airspace at/above 10,000’ MSL
  2. From the surface to 10,000’ MSL within 30NM of a Class B airport (if in Class B airspace)
  3. Up to 10,000’ MSL for any Class B airspace extensions that fall outside of the 30NM range (if in Class B airspace)
  4. From the top of Class C airspace boundaries to 10,000’ MSL
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19
Q

Class A VFR Weather Minimums

A

VFR flights are not allowed in Class A airspace

(IFR FLIGHTS ONLY IN CLASS A AIRSPACE)

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20
Q

Class B VFR Weather Minimums

A

Visibility: 3 SM

Cloud Clearance: Clear of Clouds

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21
Q

Class C VFR Weather Minimums

A

Visibility: 3SM

Cloud Clearance:
* 1000 ft. above
* 500 ft. below
* 2000 ft. horizontal

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22
Q

Class D VFR Weather Minimums

A

Visibility: 3SM

Cloud Clearance:
* 1000 ft. above
* 500 ft. below
* 2000 ft. horizontal

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23
Q

Class E VFR Weather Minimums (when above 10,000’ MSL)

A

Visibility: 5SM

Cloud Clearance:
* 1000 ft. above
* 1000 ft. below
* 1 SM horizontal

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24
Q

Class E VFR Weather Minimums (when below 10,000’ MSL)

A

Visibility: 3SM

Distance from Clouds:
* 1000 ft above
* 500 ft below
* 2000 ft horizontal

25
Q

What are the types of special use airspaces?

A
  1. Prohbitied Area
  2. Restricted Area
  3. Warning Area
  4. Military Operations Area (MOA)
  5. Alert Area
26
Q

What is a prohibited area?

A

Airspace in which aircraft flight is prohibited for security or national welfare

White House, Kennedy Space Center

27
Q

What is a restricted area?

A

Airspace in which aircraft flight is subject to restriction usually due to the existence of unusual hazards to the aircraft (usually over land)

Artillery fire, aerial gunnery

28
Q

What is a warning area?

A

Airspace that may contain hazards to nonparticipating aircraft (usually over water)

29
Q

What is a military operations area?

A

Airspace with defined vertical/lateral limits to seperate military training activities from IFR traffic

30
Q

What is an alert area?

A

Airspaces that may contain a high volume of pilot training or an unusual aerial activity (ballooning or parachuting)

31
Q

What are the entry requirements for a prohibited area?

A

Aircraft are not allowed in any prohibited area airspace

32
Q

What are the entry requirements for a restricted area?

A

Must have approval from controlling authority prior to entry

33
Q

What are the entry requirements for a warning area?

A

No permission is required to enter but if you do enter, it is at your own risk

34
Q

What are the entry requirements for a military operations area?

A
  • IFR traffic will be cleared through the MOA if ATC can provide IFR seperation (if not, then IFR traffic will be rerouted)
  • VFR traffic does not require permission to enter the MOA but should exercise extreme caution
35
Q

What are the entry requirements for a alert area?

A

Pilots do not need permission to fly through an alerta area but all activity should be in accordance with FAR and VFR guidelines

36
Q

When must aircraft position lights be on?

A
  • 30min before sunset and 30min after sunrise
  • When visibility is below 3SM
37
Q

When should anti-collision lights be on?

A

Anti-collision lights shall be on before engine start and remain on until after engine shutdown.

The exceptions are:
* When flying through clouds and using them would distract the pilot
* It’s use would endanger ground personnel/operations

38
Q

What is the order of priority for right-of-way for aircraft? (From highest priority to lowest priority)

A
  1. Hot Air Balloons
  2. Gliders
  3. Airships
  4. Airplanes
  5. Helicopters

Typically, the less manueverable aircraft has the right-of-way

39
Q

What is the right of way rule for aircraft in distress?

A

The aircraft in distress has right of way over all other traffic

40
Q

What is the right of way rule for aircraft landing?

A

The landing aircraft has right of way over airborne/surface traffic.

If multiple aircraft are landing, then the aircraft at the lower altitude has the right of way.

41
Q

What is the right of way rule for overtaking?

A

The aircraft being overtaken has right of way

The overtaking aircraft shall alter their course to the right and pass well clear

42
Q

What is the right of way rule for two aircraft approaching head-on?

A

Both aircraft shall alter course to the right (therefore they past port to port)

This is only for aircraft approaching head-on, at the same altitude

43
Q

What is the right of way rule for two aircraft converging?

A

The aircraft to the other’s right has right of way

44
Q

According to the FAR, what is the altitude restriction for flying over congested areas?

A

Must maintain an altitude 1000 ft. above the highest obstacle in a 2000 ft. horizonal radius of the aircraft

45
Q

According to the FAR, what is the altitude restriction for flying over other than congested areas?

A

Must maintain an altitude of 500’ AGL

(if over open water/sparsely populated land, then aircraft must be no closer than 500’ AGL from nearest person, vessel, or structure)

46
Q

According to the FAR, what is the altitude restriction for flying anywhere in general?

A

Must maintain an altitude that, in the event of an engine failure, an emergency landing can be made without undue hazard to people and property on the surface

47
Q

What is the altitude restriction for VFR operations according to CNAF-M 3710.7?

A

Flights in fixed-wing aircraft shall not be conducted below an altitude of 500’ above the terrain or water

48
Q

What is the altitude restriction for IFR operations according to CNAF-M 3710.7?

A

In uncontrolled airspace, aircraft shall not fly less than 1000’ above the highest terrain, water surface, or obstacle within 22miles of intended line of flight

(Over mountainous terrain, the minimum altitude is at least 2000’ above terrain)

49
Q

What is the airspeed restriction for flights below 10,000’ MSL?

50
Q

What is the airspeed restriction for flights in Class B airspace?

A

250 KIAS

200 KIAS if you are underlying the lateral limits of Class B airspace (meaning that you are below the top layer of the Class B airspace but within the radius)

51
Q

What is the airspeed restriction for flights in Class C airspace?

A

Shall not exceed 200 KIAS from the surface to 2,500’ AGL within 4NM of the primary airport

52
Q

What is the airspeed restriction for flights in Class D airspace?

A

Shall not exceed 200 KIAS from the surface to 2,500’ AGL if within 4NM of the primary airport

53
Q

What is the rule against careless/reckless flying?

A

Naval aviators must take precaution to ensure that there is no perception of danger to the average person without aviation experience

54
Q

What is the rule for flying near noise-sensitive/wilderness areas?

A

Pilots shall avoid these areas when at altitudes of less than 3’000’ AGL

Examples: Resorts, beaches, breeding farms

55
Q

What is the rule for flying near wildlife preserves?

A

If necessary to fly over preserves, an altitude of 3,000’ AGL must be maintained

56
Q

What is the rule regarding temporary flight restrictions?

A

Aircraft shall not operate in areas designated by NOTAMs that has temporary flight restrictions applied

57
Q

What is the rule regarding flat-hatting?

A

Flat-hatting or any low altitude and/or high speed maneuvers for thrill purposes over land or water is prohibited

58
Q

What is the rule for avoiding commercial carriers and civil registry aircraft?

A

These aircraft should be avoided by at least 500’ vertically and/or 1SM laterally

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