FRR 2: Visual/Instrument Flight Rules Flashcards
How are runway numbers determined?
Runway numbers are based on the magnetic direction of the runway’s centerline rounded off by the nearest 10 degrees
When are Aldis lamp lights used?
When there is a loss of communications with the tower
What does a steady green Aldis lamp light mean?
- Aircraft on ground: Cleared for takeoff
- Aircraft in the air: Cleared to land
What does a flashing green Aldis lamp light mean?
- Aircraft on ground: Cleared to taxi
- Aircraft in the air: Return for landing
What does a steady red Aldis lamp light mean?
- Aircraft on ground: Stop
- Aircraft in the air: Give way to other aircraft and continue circling
What does a flashing red Aldis lamp light mean?
- Aircraft on ground: Taxi clear of landing area/runway
- Aircraft in the air: Do Not Land
What does a flashing white Aldis lamp light mean?
- Aircraft on ground: Return to starting point
What does a alternating green and red Aldis lamp light mean?
- Aircraft on ground: Exercise extreme caution
- Aircraft in the air: Exercise extreme caution
Why is wind direction important?
Aircraft takeoff and land into the wind
Describe a mandatory instruction sign.
Denotes entrance to runway, critical area, or prohibited area
White letters on red background
Describe a location sign.
Identifies the taxiway or runway where aircraft is located
Yellow letters on black background
Describe a direction sign.
Used at intersections to show turn direction for a taxiway
Black letters on yellow background
Describe a destination sign.
Provides taxi information to specific locations
Black letters on yellow background
Describe an information sign.
Provides info like frequencies and NAVAID data
Black letters on yellow background
Describe a runway remaining sign.
Indicates landing distance remaining in thousands of feet
White letters on black background
What does a waveoff signal tell the pilot?
“DO NOT LAND”
Mandatory except in an emergency
Describe a wind sock/cone.
Gives the wind direction and approx. wind velocity
The large end faces into the wind.
“Fly out of the sock”
Describe a wind tee.
Only gives wind direction.
A wind tee’s large end/crossbar faces into the wind.
“Make the wind tee your aircraft…line up the wings and tail.”
Describe a wind tetrahedron.
Depicts the landing direction for aircraft.
A wind tetrahedron’s spar points in the landing direction and is manually set (i.e. cannot be moved by wind).
“Make the spar the nose of your aircraft.”
What color is a civilian airport beacon?
Alternating solid white flash and a solid green flash
What color is a military airport beacon?
Alternating 2 solid white flashes and a solid green flash
What are three visual glideslope indicators?
Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI)
Visual Approach Slope Indicator (VASI)
Improved Frensel Lens Optical Landing System (IFLOLS)
Visual Meteorological Conditions (VMC)
Weather conditions expressed in terms of visibility, distance to clouds, and ceiling equal to or better than the minimum
How does CNAF-M 3710.7 define IMC?
Anytime a visible horizon is not distinguishable.
Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IMC)
Weather conditions expressed in terms of visibility, distance from clouds, and ceiling less than the VMC minimum
Visual Flight Rules (VFR)
Rules governing the procedures for conducting flight under visual conditions
What are the basic VFR requirements?
1000’/3
Means 1000 ft. ceiling and 3SM of visibility
What is See & Avoid?
Pilots are required to observe for the presence of, and maneuver to avoid, other aircraft
What are the weather requirements for a VFR flight?
Takeoff: Departure point must have VFR weather (1000/3)
En Route: VMC must be maintained throughout flight (based on airspace classification)
Landing: Destination must also have VFR weather (forecased +/- 1hr of arrival time)
What can a pilot do if they encounter weather that does not meet VFR minimums during a VFR flight?
- Change flight route to maintain VMC
- Maintain VMC until flight plan is changed and IFR clearance is granted
- Remain in VMC and land at a suitable alternate airport
What are some IFR requirements?
IFR flights cannot be be made in controlled airspace until ATC grants clearance because pilots cannot provide their own separation in IMC
How are cruising altitudes determined?
Based on semi-circular rules determined by the magnetic course that the aircraft is on (two directions: east and west)
East = 0°-179°
West = 180°-359°
What is the semi-circular rule for aircraft with a magnetic course from 0°-179°?
IFR: Odd altitudes or flight levels
VFR: Odd altitudes or flight levels plus 500 ft
What is the semi-circular rule for aircraft with a magnetic course from 180°-359°?
IFR: Even altitudes or flight levels
VFR: Even altitudes or flight levels plus 500 ft
Aerobatic flight
A intentional maneuver involving:
* abrupt bank angles greater than 60°
* pitch angles greater than +/- 45°
* accelerations greater than 2.0g
What restrictions on aerobatic flight is laid out in FAR Part 91?
Aerobatic flight is prohibited:
1. Over any congested area
2. Over any open air assembly of people
3. Within Class B,C,D,E airspace for an airport
4. Below 1500ft AGL
5. When visibility is less than 3SM
What additional restriction on aerobatic flight is laid out in CNAF M-3710.7?
Aerobatics cannot be performed if prohibited by that particular aircraft’s NATOPS
CNAF M-3710.7 also restates all of the restrictions that are outlined in FAR Part 91 (so that is applies to all naval aircraft all over the world).
What is the rule regarding unusual maneuvers?
Pilots shall not perform, or request clearance to perform, unusual maneuvers within Class B,C, and D airspace if such maneuvers are not essential to performance of the flight
Outlined within CNAF M-3710.7
What color are taxiway edge lights?
Blue
What color are taxiway centerline lights?
Green
What color are Touchdown Zone Lights?
White
What color are Runway Centerline Lights?
White
