FRR 2: Visual/Instrument Flight Rules

Question 1

How are runway numbers determined?

Answer 1

Runway numbers are based on the magnetic direction of the runway’s centerline rounded off by the nearest 10 degrees

Question 2

When are Aldis lamp lights used?

Answer 2

When there is a loss of communications with the tower

Question 3

What does a steady green Aldis lamp light mean?

Answer 3

• Aircraft on ground: Cleared for takeoff
• Aircraft in the air: Cleared to land

Question 4

What does a flashing green Aldis lamp light mean?

Answer 4

• Aircraft on ground: Cleared to taxi
• Aircraft in the air: Return for landing

Question 5

What does a steady red Aldis lamp light mean?

Answer 5

• Aircraft on ground: Stop
• Aircraft in the air: Give way to other aircraft and continue circling

Question 6

What does a flashing red Aldis lamp light mean?

Answer 6

• Aircraft on ground: Taxi clear of landing area/runway
• Aircraft in the air: Do Not Land

Question 7

What does a flashing white Aldis lamp light mean?

Answer 7

• Aircraft on ground: Return to starting point

Question 8

What does a alternating green and red Aldis lamp light mean?

Answer 8

• Aircraft on ground: Exercise extreme caution
• Aircraft in the air: Exercise extreme caution

Question 9

Why is wind direction important?

Answer 9

Aircraft takeoff and land into the wind

Question 10

Describe a mandatory instruction sign.

Answer 10

Denotes entrance to runway, critical area, or prohibited area

White letters on red background

Question 11

Describe a location sign.

Answer 11

Identifies the taxiway or runway where aircraft is located

Yellow letters on black background

Question 12

Describe a direction sign.

Answer 12

Used at intersections to show turn direction for a taxiway

Black letters on yellow background

Question 13

Describe a destination sign.

Answer 13

Provides taxi information to specific locations

Black letters on yellow background

Question 14

Describe an information sign.

Answer 14

Provides info like frequencies and NAVAID data

Black letters on yellow background

Question 15

Describe a runway remaining sign.

Answer 15

Indicates landing distance remaining in thousands of feet

White letters on black background

Question 16

What does a waveoff signal tell the pilot?

Answer 16

“DO NOT LAND”

Mandatory except in an emergency

Question 17

Describe a wind sock/cone.

Answer 17

Gives the wind direction and approx. wind velocity

The large end faces into the wind.

“Fly out of the sock”

Question 18

Describe a wind tee.

Answer 18

Only gives wind direction.

A wind tee’s large end/crossbar faces into the wind.

“Make the wind tee your aircraft…line up the wings and tail.”

Question 19

Describe a wind tetrahedron.

Answer 19

Depicts the landing direction for aircraft.

A wind tetrahedron’s spar points in the landing direction and is manually set (i.e. cannot be moved by wind).

“Make the spar the nose of your aircraft.”

Question 20

What color is a civilian airport beacon?

Answer 20

Alternating solid white flash and a solid green flash

Question 21

What color is a military airport beacon?

Answer 21

Alternating 2 solid white flashes and a solid green flash

Question 22

What are three visual glideslope indicators?

Answer 22

Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI)
Visual Approach Slope Indicator (VASI)
Improved Frensel Lens Optical Landing System (IFLOLS)

Question 23

Visual Meteorological Conditions (VMC)

Answer 23

Weather conditions expressed in terms of visibility, distance to clouds, and ceiling equal to or better than the minimum

Question 24

How does CNAF-M 3710.7 define IMC?

Answer 24

Anytime a visible horizon is not distinguishable.

Question 25

Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IMC)

Answer 25

Weather conditions expressed in terms of visibility, distance from clouds, and ceiling less than the VMC minimum

Question 26

Visual Flight Rules (VFR)

Answer 26

Rules governing the procedures for conducting flight under visual conditions

Question 27

What are the basic VFR requirements?

Answer 27

1000'/3 Means 1000 ft. ceiling and 3SM of visibility

Question 28

What is See & Avoid?

Answer 28

Pilots are required to observe for the presence of, and maneuver to avoid, other aircraft

Question 29

What are the weather requirements for a VFR flight?

Answer 29

**Takeoff:** Departure point must have VFR weather (1000/3) **En Route:** VMC must be maintained throughout flight (based on airspace classification) **Landing:** Destination must also have VFR weather (forecased +/- 1hr of arrival time)

Question 30

What can a pilot do if they encounter weather that does not meet VFR minimums during a VFR flight?

Answer 30

1. Change flight route to maintain VMC 2. Maintain VMC until flight plan is changed and IFR clearance is granted 3. Remain in VMC and land at a suitable alternate airport

Question 31

What are some IFR requirements?

Answer 31

IFR flights cannot be be made in controlled airspace until ATC grants clearance because pilots cannot provide their own separation in IMC

Question 32

How are cruising altitudes determined?

Answer 32

Based on semi-circular rules determined by the magnetic course that the aircraft is on (two directions: east and west) ## Footnote East = 0°-179° West = 180°-359°

Question 33

What is the semi-circular rule for aircraft with a magnetic course from 0°-179°?

Answer 33

**IFR:** Odd altitudes or flight levels **VFR:** Odd altitudes or flight levels plus 500 ft

Question 34

What is the semi-circular rule for aircraft with a magnetic course from 180°-359°?

Answer 34

**IFR:** Even altitudes or flight levels **VFR:** Even altitudes or flight levels plus 500 ft

Question 35

Aerobatic flight

Answer 35

A intentional maneuver involving: * abrupt bank angles greater than 60° * pitch angles greater than +/- 45° * accelerations greater than 2.0g

Question 36

What restrictions on aerobatic flight is laid out in **FAR Part 91**?

Answer 36

Aerobatic flight is prohibited: 1. Over any congested area 2. Over any open air assembly of people 3. Within Class B,C,D,E airspace for an airport 4. Below 1500ft AGL 5. When visibility is less than 3SM

Question 37

What additional restriction on aerobatic flight is laid out in **CNAF M-3710.7**?

Answer 37

Aerobatics cannot be performed if prohibited by that particular aircraft's NATOPS ## Footnote CNAF M-3710.7 also restates all of the restrictions that are outlined in FAR Part 91 (so that is applies to all naval aircraft all over the world).

Question 38

What is the rule regarding unusual maneuvers?

Answer 38

Pilots shall not perform, or request clearance to perform, unusual maneuvers within Class B,C, and D airspace if such maneuvers are not essential to performance of the flight ## Footnote Outlined within CNAF M-3710.7

Question 39

What color are taxiway edge lights?

Answer 39

Blue

Question 40

What color are taxiway centerline lights?

Answer 40

Green

Question 41

What color are Touchdown Zone Lights?

Answer 41

White

Question 42

What color are Runway Centerline Lights?

Answer 42

White