Freud and Scientific Methods

Question 1

What is the independent variable? What is the dependent variable?

Answer 1

independent: what you manipulate to test your hypothesis
dependent: what you use to measure the effect of the change in independent variable

Question 2

experimental vs control groups

Answer 2

group being experimented on vs group that is not in order to see comparisons

Question 3

unconscious motivation

Answer 3

unknown reasons for feelings and actions. not knowing why you’re doing things

Question 4

unconscious dynamics. what can lead to this, and why do we do it?

Answer 4

id, ego, superego.
can be led by conflicts due to slip of tongue, jokes, dreams or madness.
it is due to a defense mechanism to protect ourselves

Question 5

what are the different defense mechanisms? (4)

Answer 5

1. denial - rejecting a thought or feeling
   2 - rationalization - coming up with explanations to justify yourself while denying your feelings
   3 - displacement - redirecting your feelings to another target (ex. getting mad at roommates about dishes after a bad day at work)
   4 - sublimation - redirection your feelings to a USEFUL direction (ex. creating a support group to help people who have gone through the same thing)

Question 6

falsifiability

Answer 6

hypotheses can be proven wrong

Question 7

systematic investigation

Answer 7

experimental studies

Question 8

replicability

Answer 8

when repeated, studies will have to same result

Question 9

parsimony

Answer 9

the simplest information with as few assumptions as possible

Question 10

anecdotal evidence - how reliable is it?

Answer 10

stories or casual evidence
relatively unreliable since it cannot track cause/effect

Question 11

observational research

Answer 11

research conducted in real-world settings without involvement or intervention. ex. looking at how animals hunt in the wild