Articles for Mid 1 Flashcards
Rogers et. al 1977 - Self reference hypothesis
the self functions like a grand or superordinate schema, being able to oberseve the kinds of memory biases
how was this research done?
experiments used “depth of processing”
depth being the amount of semantic processing involved
what did this research conclude?
showed that self-reference tasks were most effective in memory and argued that the self is used as a retrieval cue
Maddux et al (2010) - what is the endowment efffect?
the tendency for owners (potential sellers) to value objects more than potential buyers do
what is the hypothesis of this study?
does the endowment effect vary across cultures?
what could have caused the effect?
loss aversion, which is when people feel pain when losing something than they feel value relative to when they object is not owned
how was the research done?
multiple studies were done of participants being asked to either sell an to the experimenter and receive an amount of money or not sell the item and keep it
what were the results in effect?
owners average selling price was significantly higher than buyers average purchase price (hearing it was more expensive)
what were the results in cultural aspect?
The endowment effect was larger in WEIRD cultures and can be increased by thinking about the independent self
Dunning et al (2003) - hypothesis
People tend to overestimate how well they do due to incompetence
how was this study done?
this was a behavioral, surveyed study, asking students how well they think they did on tests, then later seeing their scores
what were the results of this study?
people who did well underestimated their sores by comparing to others
people who did bad tend to overestimate, not able to be confident in their answers but wanted to keep self esteem
women were more underconfident, especially in the scientific aspect
Knobe 2003 - hypothesis
the way something is said could change the way something is viewed (are his actions to the side effects intentional)
how is the study done?
experimenter gives 2 different groups 2 scenarios. different things are said (in a harmul or nonharmful way) which lead to the same side effect. groups judge if the action was intentional or unintentional
