Freud and development

Question 1

Maturation

Answer 1

Strictly biological and physiological growth

Question 2

Development

Answer 2

Both biological and psychological growth, where an organism gains increased independence from its environment and reactions to the external world are increasingly displaced into the interior of the organism

Question 3

The internalization of the outside world

Answer 3

developing a model for external objects, to which we have an emotional attachment to

Question 4

Freud’s unconscious mind

Answer 4

irrational, instinctual, and emotional part of the mind, that expresses itself through symbolism in the form of dreams

Question 5

Freud’s pre-conscious mind

Answer 5

Capable of becoming conscious if direction is focused toward it

Question 6

Freud’s conscious mind

Answer 6

Governed by a “secondary process” that is rational, logical, and cognitive. This is the fully aware part of the mind.

Question 7

Psychic Determinism

Answer 7

Idea postulated by Freud which states that everything we do psychologically is predetermined by some antecedent event; nothing psychological is by accident. (Much is unconscious and irrational).

Question 8

Mental structures

Answer 8

Constructs. models, or ways of thinking about objects that are not easily changed.

Question 9

Id

Answer 9

Operates at the unconscious level. Seeks immediate gratification, and not concerned about social norms. It’s a source of two instinctual drives– Sexual (drive toward and object), and aggressive (drive away from an object)

Question 10

Ego

Answer 10

Develops out of the Id, and is the result of the social norms. Operates between the super ego, and the id, to figure out how to satisfy our base needs in a socially acceptable need.

Functions according to the “reality principle” and “secondary process”

Question 11

Superego

Answer 11

Our conscious that is an internalized social morals, values, etc.

Question 12

Psychological symptoms that arise out of Freud’s ideas

Answer 12

All symptoms are either compromises made by the ego, harsh injunctions from the superego, or unrecognized instinctual drives of the Id.

Thus all problems have a problem and an adaptation.

Question 13

Oral stage

Answer 13

1st stage in Freud’s developmental theory.

• a period of total dependence on the mother (from 0-1)
• fixation here can lead to a lack of ability to delay gratification, clinging/fearful behavior, cannot self soothe.

Question 14

Anal stage

Answer 14

From 1-3 y.o.

• anal a source of pleasure due to control
• Conflict with parents about control
• fixation = issues with control, assertion, obedience,

Question 15

Phallic-Oepidal stage

Answer 15

Age 3-5.

• area of focus is the penis or the clitoris, and masturbatory exploration
• Oedipal/Electra conflict with parent of same sex
• Fixation = triangulation (ignoring the real problem by drawing attention to something else), see relationships as “conquests”, and having repetitive sexual relations with “unavailable” partners.

Question 16

Latency

Answer 16

School age, where sexual interests are dormant, and things are awesome.

Question 17

Genital

Answer 17

Early adolescence/adulthood, aim is to learn how to have a mature sexual relation with someone.

Question 18

Normal symbiosis

Answer 18

1-5 months of are, where child sees mother as an extension of itself, but slowly begins to see her as a needs satisfying object.

There is a black and white “split” between external objects.

Question 19

Separation-individuation stage

Answer 19

Age 5-24 months. Has three substages: hatching stage, practicing, and rapprochment. At the end of this stage, there is now a separation b/t self and object, but still there is distinct “good” and “bad”.

Question 20

Hatching stage

Answer 20

5-10 months. Child begins to perceive mother as separate, focuses on external world (outside the mother-infant orbit), and compare others to mother. “stranger anxiety” here due to fear of losing a part of oneself.

Question 21

Practicing stage

Answer 21

10 -16 months. Substage of the separation-individuation stage.

-self initiated walking, curiosity, exploration. Susceptible to shame and humiliation due to loss of invulnerability

Question 22

Rapprochment

Answer 22

16-24 months. Increased separation b/t mom and child. Characterized by child moving away and back to mother, since he/she needs to have autonomy, but wants to have her interest.

Fear = exertion vs not. Being an individual vs having mother’s love.

Question 23

Object constancy

Answer 23

24- 36 months. Differentiation is complete. Establish that objects have both a good and a bad part (including self). Now can love/tolerate objects even if not needed at the time, or if they have “bad” characteristics.

Question 24

Ego identity stage

Answer 24

Developing a self that is constant across time and situations.