Development II

Question 1

Trust vs mistrust

Answer 1

First stage in Erikson’s model (0-1 yr). Are others trustworthy to provide for needs? Problems here = not trusting.

Question 2

Autonomy vs shame and doubt

Answer 2

Second stage (1-3). Develops sense of self vs not, free will, capacity to say no.
-Problems here =

Question 3

Initiative vs guilt

Answer 3

Third stage (3-5). Learning autonomy in ways that are socially acceptable. Will do things with others to help, and emulate others. Sense of sexes develop.

Question 4

Industry vs inferiority

Answer 4

4th stage. age 5-11.

• Establish a sense of competence.
• Compare self to others.
• Develop self-esteem.

Question 5

Identity vs role confusion

Answer 5

5th stage, age 11-21

• Adolescence
• Attempt different identities to differentiate from family
• Develop a constant sense of self throughout situations.

Question 6

Intimacy vs Isolation

Answer 6

6th stage (21-40)
-Find an intimate relationship

Question 7

Generativity vs stagnation

Answer 7

7th stage (40 - 60)
-choice to raise next generation, and contribute to society.

Question 8

Integrity vs despair

Answer 8

8th stage (60-death)
-reflect on life and assign meaning.

Question 9

Schema

Answer 9

Piaget’s basic cognitive unit that provides framework for incorporating new ideas/objects.

Question 10

Accommodation

Answer 10

Piaget’s theory- develop entirely new schema based on prior

Question 11

Assimilation

Answer 11

Piaget’s theory - change existing schema slightly in light of new evidence

Question 12

Eqilibration

Answer 12

Piaget’s theory - back and forth process of experiencing world and adjusting schema (assimilating or accommodating)

Question 13

Sensorimotor stage

Answer 13

Piaget’s first stage (0-2). learn to coordinate senses and motors.

Question 14

Preoperational stage

Answer 14

Piaget’s 2nd stage (2-6)

• gain ability to mentally represent things no present (object permanence).
• Also can use symbols to represent things.
• Egocentrism here, such that anything that happens is a result of my own action.
• No theory of mind
• Confusing appearance and reality, as well as causation

Question 15

Concrete operational stage

Answer 15

Piaget’s 3rd stage (6-12)
Ability to use logic to mentally manipulate objects, but need to have experienced them first (no pure abstract thinking).
-understand conservation, and causation/intent

Question 16

Formal operational stage

Answer 16

Piaget’s 4th stage (12-19).

• develop abstract thought and reasoning.
• do things systematically.
• Ethical principles here

Question 17

Kohlberg’s theory stage 1

Answer 17

heteronomous morality (begins end of preschool). 
-follow rules

Question 18

Kohlberg’s theory stage 2

Answer 18

Instrumental (7-8)

-Right is about fairness and universal autonomy.

Question 19

Kohlberg’s theory stage 3

Answer 19

Good-child (10-11).

-Right is determined by living up to expectations and caring for others.

Question 20

Kohlberg’s theory stage 4

Answer 20

Law and order morality (late teens/early 20s).

-right is determined by best for society

Question 21

Kohlberg, stage 5

Answer 21

Stage 5 “social contract”
-right is determined by upholding universal (read scocial) values and rights, and awareness that others have different values

Question 22

Kohlberg’s theory stage 6

Answer 22

Universal principles

-right is determined by following OWN ethical principals that were SELF CHOSEN. Can override law.

Question 23

Carol Gilligan

Answer 23

Critiqued Kohlberg, since he did not include women in his studies. Wrote “In a Different Voice”. Later her thinking dismissed.