Free120 Flashcards
What is the MOA of the aminoglycoside gentamicin?
binds 30S ribosomal protein
Adminstration of Rh0(D) immune globin prevents?
formation of antibodies to RhD
serum sickness is what type of HSR?
type III- immune complex deposition in tissues
what is serum sickness symptoms?
type III HSR, 1-3 weeks after receiving meds containing proteins derived from animals.
-fever, lymphadenopathy, arthralgias, erythema on hands/feet
contact dermatitis pathogenesis
CD28 on T lymphocytes react with CD80 on epidermal langerhan cells
malonyl-coA directly inhibits what?
fatty acid oxidation
what happens to the endothelial junctions in edema?
endothelial junctions will separate in response to injury/inflammation, allowing migration of WBCs to site of injury
Pineal tumors can cause which impaired oculomotor function?
upward gaze
unable to dorsiflex, which nerve is injured
common fibular (peroneal)
fluid from an ectopic rupture will go where?
pouch of douglas
what can be used for ankylosing spondylitis if NSAIDS and sulfasalazine is ineffective?
a drug that inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha
jaundice caused by acetaminophen is due to?
decreased bilirubin conjugation
what is seen in aspiration pneumonia?
elderly people, dullness in RLL field, arterial hypoxemia and decreased PCO2
fever, SOB, difficulty swallowing, chest pain, and cough
what is a third degree AV block?
no relation between atrium (p) waves and QRS.
cannon a waves seen
fainting and fatigue and bradycardia
southern blots can indicate which process?
gene rearrangment
formula for absolute risk reduction
c/c+d - a/a+b
in chronic HTN, what happens to the baroreceptor output?
it will decrease
what is the virulence factor for clostridium perfingens (G+ rod)
alpha-toxin
function of infraspinatus and teres minor
external rotation
what is the omental bursa (lesser sac)?
space behind the stomach but in front of the retroperitoneal structures
what is seen in myeloperoxidase def?
increase risk for Candida
traits of herpes virus
enveloped dsDNA linear
how is ascariasis transmitted?
ingestion of soil
X linked diseases carrier depends on?
random X inactivation
carbamazepine will effect which pharmacokinetic process?
metabolism; it is a CYP450 inducer
below dentate line lymph node
superficial inguinal
above dentate line lymph node
internal iliac
infraorbital nerve function
sensation over the upper lip
post exertional syncope can lead to
orthostatic hypotension
ACE inhibitors can cause damage to what in fetuses?
renal damage
aspirin induced asthma is due to the accumulation of
leukotrienes
6-24 hours post meal is dominated by?
glycogenolysis in the liver
s. pyogenese (group A strep) relationshop with bacitracin
killed by bacitracin
GBS is resistant to bacitracin
MOA of bisphosphates
decreased osteoclast activity
95% confidence interval does not include 1 means
statistically significant overall increase in risk
desmopressin activates what?
adenylyl cyclase
RSV bronchiolitis enters the cell via
mediation of cell entry via a fusion protein
albuterol MOA
beta-2 agonist, helps against wheezing
lack of mediastinal shift means?
not under tension
what is subacute combined degernation
progressive peripheral sensory and motor loss; late sign of B12 def
galactosemia has increased levels of
galactose 1-phosphate
treatment of yersenia pestis bubonic plague
aminoglycoside - binds to 30S ribosomal subunit
what is seen in Cushing’s syndrome
hypertension and muscle weakness
what is the formula for 95% CI?
x +/- (1.96 x SE)
x= mean
SE= standard error
type 2 diabetes will increase the risk for what vaginal infection?
candida: white discharge and pseudohyphae
why is there an increase risk for bilirubin gallstones in sickle cell?
due to overload of unconjugated bilirubin
what is seen in hypercholesterolemia?
accelerrated atherosclerosis (MIs before 20), tendinous xanthomas, thickened Achilles tendons.
defective LDL receptors or apoB100
if power increases, what happens to type II error?
type II error decreases
the decrease in cardiac output in a MI will lead to?
increase in LVEDV
what is used for adjunct therapy for a parkinson patient with freezing, clumsy gait and rigidity of his upper extremities?
monoamine oxidase B inhibitors
high dose epinephrine effects
alpha 1: increase systolic blood pressure and increase peripheral resistance and smooth muscle contraction via Gq, leading to increase phospholipase C, IP3, DAG, protein kinase C
beta 2: Gs, increase cAMP, inhibits contraction and decrease peripheral resistance
alpha 1 > beta 2
most common cause of viral meningitis
enterovirus
high grade stenosis of the proximal right renal artery is pathnogonomic for
atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis
GERD is due to?
excessive transient lower esophageal relaxations
what is the site where the ureter enters the bladder?
uretopelvic junction
what can cause virilzation with hypospaidas in a female fetus
maternal adrogen exposure
osteoarthritis can lead to?
degenerative changes of the cartilage
Reactivation of varicella-zoster virus is thought to contribute to the
development of shingles in immunocompromised individuals secondary to deficiencies in?
cellular immunity.
Cellular immunity is essential in the identification and destruction of
intracellular pathogens, such as viruses, through the use of MHC class I proteins on host tissue/
accessory spleen originate from?
at the origin of the celiac vessels
patients with cystic fibrosis is unable to secrete which substance?
bicarbonate
what is glanzmann thrombasthenia
aggregation disorder due to defect in glycoprotein IIb-IIIa
what happens to the right heart in pulmonary hypertension>
the right ventricle will hypertrophy and then right ventricular diastolic compliance will decrease
MOA of rifampin
Rifampin inhibits bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase,
preventing transcription and mRNA synthesis. This leads to impaired bacterial protein synthesis and cell death.
traits of staph epidermidis
coagulase negative, catalase+, gram+ cocci in clusters
The most likely areas of the kidney to be affected by ischemia?
he proximal convoluted tubular and the thick ascending limb due to greater levels of metabolic activity and oxygen consumption.
what is keratosis pilaris?
red bumps, not itchy or painful
what happens to the blood in obstructive sleep apnea?
increased hemoglobin concentration
ADH will activate what?
urea reabsorption in the medullary collecting ducts
cystic artery is a branch off of
right hepatic
what is goodpasture syndrome
a cause of nephritic syndrome and proliferative glomerulonephritis due
to the formation of anti-base membrane antibodies directed at type IV collagen in the renal and pulmonary capillary basement membranes.
what is central DI
central diabetes insipidus due to
impaired ADH secretion by the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus.
effects of ACEi
decrease GFR
decrease filtration
increase renal blood flow
MOA of acyclovir
inhibit viral DNA polymerase and subsequent DNA replication via chain termination
which cell is responsible for PNS myelination
schwann cells
scant pubic hair and breast bud is which tanner stage
2
The process of leukocyte margination and rolling requires the expression of various molecules, including?
The process of leukocyte margination and rolling requires the expression of various molecules, including P-selectin, E-selectin, GlyCAM-1, and CD34 on endothelial cells as well as Sialyl-Lewisx, and L-selectin on leukocytes.
what is TIPS procedure
During this procedure, a needle
catheter is inserted into the internal jugular vein and passed to the hepatic vein. Once inside, the needle is used to pierce through the liver parenchyma, creating a new shunt between the portal
vein and the inferior vena cava (via the hepatic vein).
what is postpartum thyroiditis due to?
lymphocytic infiltration of the thyroid
