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WSET Level 4 Diploma D3 > France - Rhone Valley > Flashcards

France - Rhone Valley Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the climate of Northern and Southern Rhone?

A

Northern: Continental
Southern: Mediterranean

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2
Q

What are the main varieties of Northern Rhone?

A
  • Viognier
  • Marsanne
  • Rousanne
  • Syrah
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3
Q

What are the main varieties of Southern Rhone?

A
  • Grenache Noir
  • Syrah
  • Cinsaut
  • Mourvedre
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4
Q

What is a diseased called Syrah decline or disorder?

A

The leaves turn red and the graft point breaks up and the vine dies

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5
Q

What are the characteristics of Northern Rhone Syrah?

A
  • Deep ruby color
  • pronounced intensity aroma
  • Flavors of violet, plum, blackberry with black pepper and herbal notes
  • Acidity and tannins range from medium to high
  • Syrah adds structure, fruit and color to Southern Rhone blends
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6
Q

Does Grenache Noir ripen early or late?

A

It ripens late

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7
Q

Is Grenache Noir resistance of what and prone to what?

A

It is resistance to draught
It is prone to coulure and to the fungal diseases downy mildew, phomopsis, botrytis bunch rot, bacterial necrosis or bacterial bright

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8
Q

Does Mourvedre bud and ripen early or later?

A

It buds late and ripens late. It needs warm to hot climate to thrive. It needs high temperatures at the end of the season to ripe fully

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9
Q

What pests and diseases Mourvedre prone to?

A
  • Mites, leafhoppers and sour rot ( a disease that affects ripening bunches due to insect or bird damage to grapes, which then become prone to bacteria and fungi)
  • in the winery, it is strongly prone to reduction
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10
Q

What are the characteristics of Grenache Noir?

A
  • Pale ruby color
  • ripe red fruit; strawberry, red plum, red cherry
  • spicy and herbal notes
  • high alcohol
  • low to medium tannins
  • low acidity
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11
Q

What are the characteristics of Mourvedre?

A
  • deep ruby color
  • intense aroma of blackberries, blueberries, violets
  • high alcohol
  • high firm tannins
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12
Q

Does Cinsault buds early or late? Is it drought and heat resistance?

A

It buds late. it is good drought and heat resistance

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13
Q

What pests and disease Cinsault prone to?

A

Esca and eutypa, to mites and grape moths

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14
Q

Does Viognier bud early or later? Is it high or low yield variety?

A

it buds early. Yileds tend to be low and unpredictable, due to poor flowering and fruit set (coulure) reducing returns.

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of Viognier?

A
  • medium lemon
  • pronounced aroma
  • flavors of honeysuckle, apricot, peach
  • medium to high alcohol
  • low acidity
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16
Q

Is Marsanne early or late budding variety? Is it vigorous and productive?

A

It is a late-budding variety. It is vigorous and productive

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17
Q

What pests and disease Marsanne prone to?

A

Powdery mildew, mites, and botrytis bunch rot

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18
Q

What are the characteristics of Marsanne?

A
  • medium lemon to gold
  • low intensity honeysuckle, lemon and apricot fruit
  • oily texture
  • medium acidity
  • full bodied
  • medium to high alcohol
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19
Q

Does Rousanne bud early or later? What soils is it suitable to grow on?

A

A late budding variety that grows on low fertility, well-drained soils

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20
Q

What pests and diseases Roussanne susceptible to?

A
  • Powdery mildew
  • botrytis bunch rot
  • mites
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21
Q

What are the characteristics of Roussanne?

A
  • medium lemon to gold
  • medium to medium (+) intensity
  • Pear with herbel notes
  • Medium to medium (+) acidity
  • medium to high alcohol
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22
Q

Does Grenache blanc bud early or later? Is it good wind resistance?

A

early, good wind resistance

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23
Q

What are the characteristics of Grenache Blanc?

A
  • Low intensity
  • ripe green fruit and floral note
  • high alcohol
  • low acidity
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24
Q

What soils does Clairette grow well in?

A
  • low fertility
  • dry soils
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25
Q

What are the characteristics of Clairette?

A
  • for blends, it adds freshness and fruit
  • white flower, fennel, apple, grapefruit notes
  • high alcohol
  • low to medium (-) acidity
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26
Q

What are the characteristics of Bourboulanc?

A
  • lemon flavor
  • medium (+) acidity
  • medium alcohol
27
Q

Does Bourboulenc ripen early or later?

A

The late ripening

28
Q

Is Bourboulenc resistance to what disease?

A

botrytis noble rot, since they have thick skins, necessary for late ripening

29
Q

How is reduction prevented for syrah production at the winery?

A
  • pump over
  • aged in oak to provide gentile oxidation
30
Q

What are the process of of Red Cru wines?

A
  • Harvested by hand
  • Transported in small crates
  • Grapes are destemmed
  • cold soak for 1 - 3 days
    or
  • whole bunches ( or partially destemmed)
  • Fermented in stainless steel, large concrete tanks or open top fermenters
  • culture yeast or ambient yeasts
  • Fermentation temperature is usually warm
  • maceration of skins lasts for 20-30 days
  • maturation period for 12 -24 months
31
Q

What are the process of inexpensive, high volume Rhone wines?

A
  • Usually machine harvested
  • Flash detente or Thermovinification to gain a low tannin, fruity style quickly
  • Cultured yeasts
  • Fermentation temp - mid range
  • maceration period may be kept short
  • stored in stainless steel for a few months
32
Q

What are the process of rose wines?

A
  • a short cold maceration for 12-48 hours (Sagnee)
33
Q

What are the process of white wines?

A
  • fermented in mid-range temperatures
  • aged in large old oak or stainless-steel vessels
  • lees stirring is sometimes avoided
  • some wines are matured in oak
34
Q

What positive effects may the Mistral wind have on vines in the Northern Rhône?

A
  • It may reduce the incidence of fungal disease as the canopy will dry out quicker in wind.
  • It may also decrease vine vigour which can reduce the potential yield.
  • Decreased yields can lead to higher concentration of flavours/aromas in the grapes.
35
Q

Which of the Northern Rhône appellations is permitted to blend in 20% Viognier with Syrah?

A

Cote Rotie

36
Q

Which winemaking technique must be used to incorporate Viognier in with a Syrah blend in the Northern Rhône.

A

co-fermentation

37
Q

Order the hierarchy of Southern Rhône appellations from most premium to most basic.

A
  • Individual cru villages
  • Cotes du Rhone Village AOC + names village
  • Cotes du Rhone Village AOC
  • Cotes du Rhone AOC
38
Q

What are the tasting note of standard red Cotes du Rhone AOC wines?

A
  • medium intensity ruby
  • medium intensity red plum, blackberry, no oak
  • medium tannin or low tannin (if made by carbonic maceration)
  • medium alcohol
  • good quality and inexpensive in price
39
Q

AOC with 50% of the blend must be Grenache Noir, and Syrah or Mourvèdre must be used.

A

Gigondas, Vacqueyras, Vinsobres, Rasteau

40
Q

AOC with 40% of the blend must be Grenache Noir, and Syrah or Mourvèdre must be used.

A

Cairanne AOC

41
Q

AOC with 50% of the blend must be made up of Grenache Noir and Syrah.

A

Beaumes-de-Venice AOC

42
Q

AOC with 60% of the blend must be Grenache Noir, Syrah and Mourvèdre.

A

Cotes du Rhone AOP

43
Q

No stipulations on percentages but can be made from any or all of the 13 permitted varieties.

A

Chateauneuf-du-Pape

44
Q

AOC with 90% of the blend must be Grenache Noir, Mourvèdre, Syrah and Cinsault.

A

Lirac AOC

45
Q

AOC with 12 permitted grape varieties. One variety must not make up more than 60% of blend

A

Tavel AOC

46
Q

Which tow grape varieties which are frequently used in the Northern Rhone are not permitted in Southern Rhone AOC wines?

A

Marsanne & Viognier

47
Q

What is the name for the large pebbles in Châteauneuf-du-Pape that radiate heat at night, adding to the warming effect of the soils?

A

Galets Roules

48
Q

What are the tasting note for red Chateuneuf-du-Pape?

A
  • medium ruby in color
  • medium (+) to pronounced intensity of ripe red plum and blackberry fruit with spice notes, and sometimes new oak notes
  • medium acidity
  • high alcohol
  • medium (-) tannin to high
  • good to outstanding in quality
  • mid-priced to super-premium
49
Q

Who is the significant producer of Cote Rotie and their single vineyards?

A

E Guigal, La Mouline and La Landonne

50
Q

Who are the highly regarded producers of Saint-Joseph?

A

Jean-Louis Chave and Domaine Gonon

51
Q

Who is Gaspard de Sterimberg?

A

The hermit of Hermitage

52
Q

Who are the dominant negociant and co-op of Hermitage?

A
  • Chapoutier and Jaboulet
  • Cave de Tain
  • Jean-louis Chave
53
Q

The pioneers of Crozes-Hermitage

A

Jaboulet’s Domaine de Thalabert

54
Q

What is the climate of Coronas?

A

A warm Mediterranean climate, good protection from cold winds and the excellent aspect

55
Q

Who are the significant producers of Coronas?

A

Domaine Alain Voge, Domaine Vincent Paris, Domaine Auguste Clape

56
Q

What are the soils of Saint-Peray AOC?

A

limestone and granitic soils, ensuring good water-holding capacity and drainage

57
Q

What is the elevation of Gigondas?

A

up to 600m

58
Q

What is the name of mountains in Gigondas?

A

the Dentelles de Montrirail mountains, reducing the temperature in the mornings

59
Q

What is the elevation in Vacqueyras?

A

up to 440m, giving diurnal variation but not threatening ripeness

60
Q

What is the elevation in Vinsobres?

A

South and south-facing slope of 200-500m, resulting in good sunlight interception, good drainage and some protection from Mistral

61
Q

What styles of wines produced in Rasteau?

A

Red wine and a small amount of Vin Doux Naturel

62
Q

Where did Chateauneuf-du-Pape get the name?

A

Their original fame to being the summer residence of the Pope in the 14th century when the papacy had been relocated to the nearby city of Avignon

63
Q

Who is responsible for creating the prototype for the first AOC in France?

A

In 1923, Barondu Roy of Chateau Fortia. The rule delimited the region, stipulated the use of 13 grape varieties and a minimum alcohol level of 12.5% without chaptalization

WSET Level 4 Diploma D3 (31 decks)

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