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Certified Study > France (Bordeaux) > Flashcards

France (Bordeaux) Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: Bordeaux has more acreage under vine than any other region in France?

A

True

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2
Q

Ugni Blanc and Colombard are primarily used in which appellation?

A

Cotes des Blaye AOP

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3
Q

Name the 2 rivers bordering the Sauternes AOP.

A

Garonne

Cirone

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4
Q

What line of latitude runs just north of the region of Bordeaux?

A

45deg N

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5
Q

In which year were the estates of Graves FIRST classified?

A

1953

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6
Q

Who is the producer of “Crème de Tête?”

A

Chateau Gilette

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7
Q

What is Bouchet?

A

A synonym for Cab Franc on the right bank

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8
Q

What is Pressac?

A

A synonym for Malbec on the right bank

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9
Q

What is the minimum alcohol for Saint-Émilion Grand Cru AOP?

A

11.5% ABV

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10
Q

The Cru Classé properties of Graves are located in which of the following appellations?

A

Pessac Leognan

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11
Q

The Saint-Émilion AOP borders which of the following rivers?

A

Dordogne

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12
Q

All of the vineyards in Bordeaux are included in this all-encompassing IGP?

A

Atlantique

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13
Q

The five major subregions of Bordeaux?

A 
Medoc
Graves
Entre Deux Mers
The Right Bank
Blaye/Bourg
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14
Q

The left bank is made up of these two major subregions?

A

Medoc

Graves

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15
Q

The average annual amount of rainfall in Bordeaux?

A

35”

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16
Q

The two late-ripening grapes of the Bordeaux family?

A 
Cabernet Sauvignon
Petit Verdot (latest)
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17
Q

The catastrophic winter of the 20th century in Bordeaux?

A

1956

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18
Q

The most-planted white and red grape of Bordeaux?

A

a) Semillon

b) Merlot

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19
Q

This is only red variety in the Bordeaux family that does not showcase pyrazine?

A

Malbec

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20
Q

The three overarching appellations of Bordeaux?

A

Bordeaux AOP
Bordeaux Superieur AOP
Cremant de Bordeaux AOP

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21
Q

The single estate on the Right Bank of Bordeaux petitioning for its own appellation?

A

Chateau le Puy

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22
Q

Most rose in Bordeaux is made by this method?

A

Saignee

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23
Q

What type of wines does the Bordeaux AOP permit? Bordeaux Superieur AOP? Both appellations were introduced in?

A

a) White (dry, off-dry, meduim sweet), Rose, Clairette, Red (Dry)
b) Medium-sweet Whites, Dry Reds (with stricter limitations)
c) 1936

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24
Q

Cremant de Bordeaux AOP permits?

A

Traditional method white and rose sparklers (9mos minimum on the lees)

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25
Q

IGP wines in the Atlantique typically come from these regions?

A

Bergerac
Cognac
Duras

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26
Q

The English thirst for “clairette” was born during?

A

English rule of Acquitaine from the mid 12th century - mid 15th century

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27
Q

___________ saw Bordeaux/Acquitaine returned to French control

A

1453

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28
Q

Sauternes and Bergerac began to focus on sweet wines beginning in?

A

Late 17th century

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29
Q

Three oak sources (forests) for French barrique?

A

Limousin
Troncais
Allier

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30
Q

This year saw the end of the Dutch trade monopoly of Bordeaux and the catastrophic frost in the Pays-Nantais?

A

1709

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31
Q

The first wine to be labeled by chateau in 18th century?

A

Chateau Haut-Brion

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32
Q

Name four chateau that the Liv-Ex classification elevated by its revision in 2015.

A

La Mission de Haut Brion (1st)
Lynch-Bages (2nd)
Palmer (2nd)
Pontet-Canet (2nd)

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33
Q

The three tiers of classification for Sauternes chateau in 1855?

A

Second Crus
Premiere Crus
Premiere Cru Superiuer (just Yquem)

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34
Q

Today’s claasification of Bordeaux represents how many chateau for white and red wines?

A

a) 27

b) 61

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35
Q

This year saw the promotion of Mouton to 1st growth?

A

1973

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36
Q

The three diseases that crippled Bordeaux in the 19th century?

A

Oidium
Phylloxera
Peronospera (downy, mildew)

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37
Q

This hybrid was the fourth most popular planting of red grapes in Bordeaux, even still in 2011.

A

Villard Noir

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38
Q

The reason why Carmenere and Malbec disappeared from Bordeaux post-Phylloxera?

A

Poor grafting ability to American rootstocks

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39
Q

The first major chateau to estate-bottle all of its production?

A

Mouton (1924)

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40
Q

Three highly-influential consulting winemakers of the 90s?

A

Emile Peynaud
Michelle Rolland
Stephane Derononcourt

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41
Q

This system manages the production-sales elements of the Bordeaux wine empire? The two classes represented by the system?

A

a) Place de Bordeaux

b) Production (chateau), Sales (merchant, negociant)

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42
Q

This major chateau opted out of the “En Primeur” model in 2012?

A

Latour

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43
Q

This is what prevents fractional ownership that was put into play by the Napoleonic code from remaining within a family nearly impossible in Bordeaux?

A

Inheritance tax of nearly 50%!

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44
Q

What is a “societe civile?”

A

A method of retaining family ownership of parcels through fractional division by eliminating actual transfer of property by creating shares in a real estate company

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45
Q

Name all five first growth chateaus.

A 
Lafite-Rothschild
Mouton-Rothschild
Latour
Haut-Brion
Margaux
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46
Q

List all 2nd growths (14) and corresponding AOPs.

A

a) St. Estephe: Cos d’Estournel, Montrose
b) Pauillac: Pichon-Baron, Pichon Comtesse
c) St. Julien: Ducru de Beaucaillou, Leoville-Barton, Leoville Las Cases, Leoville Poyferre, Gruaud-Larose
d) Margaux: Lascombes, Rauzan-Segla, Rauzan Gassies, Brane-Cantenac, Dufort-Vivens

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47
Q

Common vine training in each of the following sectors of Bordeaux:

a) Left Bank
b) Right Bank
c) Sweet wine producing regions:

A

a) Double Guyot
b) Single Guyot
c) Cordon

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48
Q

What important soil type do you see much more of on the right bank than the left?

A

Limestone

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49
Q

The only classified and certified biodynamic producer of the Medoc?

A

Pontet-Canet (Pauillac 5th growth)

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50
Q

The two types of high-end sorting technology commonly found in the current era of Bordeaux?

A

a) Optical sorter
b) Density sorter (where grapes are run through a sugar/water solution and grapes of higher than set ripeness are selected for grand vins)

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51
Q

The two types of high-end sorting technology commonly found in the current era of Bordeaux?

A

a) Optical sorter
b) Density sorter (where grapes are run through a sugar/water solution and grapes of higher than set ripeness are selected for grand vins)

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52
Q

Typical elevage period in barrel for a noteworthy red wine in Bordeaux? White wine?

A

a) 18-24mos

b) 12-15mos

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53
Q

Typical elevage period in barrel for a noteworthy red wine in Bordeaux? White wine?

A

a) 18-24mos

b) 12-15mos

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54
Q

What is “cliquage?”

A

Small doeses of Oxygen applied to a finished wine in barrel to prevent reduction brought on by batonnage

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55
Q

Second wines became common at many major Chateau after this vintage?

A

1982

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56
Q

Second wines in the Medoc tend to have a higher percentage of ____________ and less ____________ than the grand vin.

A

a) Merlot

b) New oak

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57
Q

This forest shields the Medoc from the winds off of the Atlantic?

A

Landes Forest

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58
Q

These two great Chateau’s properties create the border between St. Estephe and Pauillac.

A

Cos d’Estournel

Lafite-Rothschild

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59
Q

This Chateau marks the southern border of the Pauillac appellation?

A

Chateau Latour

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60
Q

This appellation has the highest proportion of classed growths?

A

St. Julien

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61
Q

The five communes included in the Margaux AOP.

A 
Margaux
Cantenac
Soussans
Arsac
Labarde
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62
Q

Where would you find Chateau Poujeaux?

A

Moulis

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63
Q

Where are Moulis and Listrac-Medoc AOPs found?

A

Just north of Margaux, removed from the shores of the Gironde

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64
Q

Two additional classifications recognized in the Medoc.

A

Cru Artisan

Cru Bourgeios

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65
Q

What are the two governing AOPs of Grave? What styles of wine are covered by each?

A

a) Graves AOP (dry white/dry red wines)

b) Graves Superieur AOP (sweet white wines)

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66
Q

Name the second wines of the following Chateau:

a) Haut Brion
b) Latour
c) Margaux
d) Mouton
e) Lafite
f) Pichon-Baron
g) Pichon-Lalande
h) Cos d’Estournel
i) Montrose
j) Lynch-Bages
k) Gruaud-Larose
l) Beychevelle
m) Brane-Cantenac
n) Giscours
o) Calon-Segur
p) Lascombes
q) Pontet-Canet
r) D’Issan
s) Leoville Las Cases
t) Kirwan

A

a) Le Clarence de Haut-Brion
b) Les Forts de Latour
c) Pavillon de Margaux
d) Le Petit Mouton
e) Carraudes des Lafite
f) Les Tourelles de Longueville
g) Reserve de la Comtesse
h) Pagodes de Cos
i) Le Dame de Montose
j) Echo de Lynch-Bages
k) Sarget de Gruaud-Larose
l) Amiral de Beychevelle
m) Baron de Brane
n) La Sirene de Giscours
o) Marquis de Calon
p) Chevalier de Lascombes
q) Benjamin de Pontet
r) Blassan D’Issan
s) Clos du Marquis
t) Les Charmes des Kirwan

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67
Q

Name the second wines of the following Chateau:

a) Haut Brion
b) Latour
c) Margaux
d) Mouton
e) Lafite
f) Pichon-Baron
g) Pichon-Lalande
h) Cos d’Estournel
i) Montrose
j) Lynch-Bages
k) Gruaud-Larose
l) Beychevelle
m) Brane-Cantenac
n) Giscours
o) Calon-Segur
p) Lascombes
q) Pontet-Canet
r) D’Issan
s) Leoville Las Cases
t) Kirwan
u) Lafon-Rochet
v) Ducru-Beaucaillou
w) Talbot
x) Dufort-Vivens
y) Rauzan-Gassies
z) Rauzan-Segla

A

a) Le Clarence de Haut-Brion
b) Les Forts de Latour
c) Pavillon de Margaux
d) Le Petit Mouton
e) Carraudes des Lafite
f) Les Tourelles de Longueville
g) Reserve de la Comtesse
h) Pagodes de Cos
i) Le Dame de Montose
j) Echo de Lynch-Bages
k) Sarget de Gruaud-Larose
l) Amiral de Beychevelle
m) Baron de Brane
n) La Sirene de Giscours
o) Marquis de Calon
p) Chevalier de Lascombes
q) Benjamin de Pontet
r) Blassan D’Issan
s) Clos du Marquis
t) Les Charmes des Kirwan
u) Les Pélerins de Lafon-Rochet
v) La Croix du Beaucaillou
w) Connétable de Talbot
x) Vivens Rouge
y) Gassies
z)

68
Q

Aile d’Argent is associated with which parent Chateau?

A

Mouton-Rothschild

69
Q

How many chateau are included in the revised Graves Classification of 1953? The lone designation awarded by this classification?

A

a) 16

b) Cru Classe

70
Q

The pristine gravel soils of Graves are found in the north or the south of the AOP?

A

South; between Merignac and Martillac

71
Q

Pessac-Leognan earned its AOP status in the more recent year of?

A

1987

72
Q

Haut-Brion is most-planted to this variety?

A

Merlot

73
Q

Five top-white wine producing chateau in Pessac-Leognan?

A 
Domaine de Chevalier
Smith Haut-Lafite
Haut Brion
Pape Clement
Carbonneaux
74
Q

Sauternes lies on the __________ bank of the __________ River?

A

a) West

b) Garonne

75
Q

The five communes that constitute the Sauternes AOP?

A 
Sauternes
Barsac
Bommes
Fargues
Preignac
76
Q

The vineyards of Sauternes are situated at the confluence of these two rivers?

A

Garonne

Ciron

77
Q

Most estates in Sauternes average this number of tries in a given harvest?

A

3-4

78
Q

Is chaptalization permitted in Sauternes?

A

Yes

79
Q

Typical R/S range for a fine Sauternes sweet wine?

A

120-160g/L

80
Q

Dry wines produced in Barsac and Sauternes must be labeled as?

A

Bordeaux AOP

81
Q

The first vintage of “Ygrec?” The wine has been made annually since?

A

a) 1959

b) 2004

82
Q

The Cerons AOP contains the following three communes. The region is found just north of? The AOP is designated for?

A

a) Cerons, Podensac, Illats
b) Barsac
c) Sweet wines

83
Q

Dry wines produced in the Cerons AOP must be labeled as?

A

Graves AOP

84
Q

The 10 AOPs that constitute the Right Bank?

A 
Saint Emillion
Saint Emillion Grand Cru
Lussac-Saint Emillion
St Georges-Saint Emillion
Montagne-Saint Emillion
Puisseguin-Saint Emillion
Pomerol
Lalande-de-Pomerol
Fronsac
Canon-Fronsac
85
Q

Prominent soil types of the Right Bank?

A

Clay
Calcareous Clay
Limestone
Some Gravel

86
Q

The severe frosts of this year intensified the adoption of Merlot on the right bank?

A

1956

87
Q

The varietal breakdown of the Right Bank?

A

70% Merlot

30% Cabernet Franc

88
Q

White wines produced on the Right Bank are typically labeled as?

A

Bordeaux AOP

89
Q

Christian Moueix’s property of the right bank? The Napa-based operation that he makes the wines for?

A

a) Chateau Magdelane (Saint Emillion)

b) Dominus

90
Q

The “garagiste” movement on the Right Bank was inspired by the wines of this Chateau.

A

Valandraud (Saint Emillion)

91
Q

The Saint Emillion AOP nestles against these two rivers?

A

Dordogne

Barbanne

92
Q

In Saint Emillion, ___________ soils occupy the Cotes while __________ soils form the plateau.

A

a) Limestone

b) Clay

93
Q

The proportion of Cabernet Franc is higher or lower in Pomerol than Saint Emillion?

A

Higher

94
Q

Cheval Blanc’s typical varietal breakdown?

A

More Cabernet Franc

Less Merlot

95
Q

Chateau Figeac is noted for having a high percentage of this variety in its wines?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon

96
Q

The organization that traditionally set the “Ban de Vendanges” in Saint Emillion?

A

The Jurade de Saint Emillion

97
Q

Saint Emillion AOP and Saint Emillion AOP produce only this style of wine?

A

Dry red

98
Q

In the mid-17th century Dutch engineers built a system of canals, called _____, to drain the marshy lowlands of the Médoc.

A

Jalles

99
Q

What is the fifth growth of Saint-Estèphe?

A

Cos Labory

100
Q

What are the Premieres Grands Crus Classés B of Saint-Emilion?

A 
BeauSéjour 
Bécot Beauséjour 
Bélair-Monange 
Canon 
Canon-la-Gaffelière 
Figeac 
Fourtet 
La Gaffelière 
Lacris-Ducasse 
La Mondotte 
Pavie-Macquin 
Troplong-Mondot 
Trottevieille 
Valandraud`
101
Q

What is the third growth of the greater Haut-Médoc not located in any major commune?

A

La Lagune

102
Q

Is Merlot early or late budding? Early or late ripening?

A

a) Late

b) Early

103
Q

Second label of Pavie?

A

Espirit de Pavie

104
Q

What is the fourth growth of greater Haut-Médoc not within the major communes?

A

La Tour Carnet

105
Q

Explain the difference between Saint Emillion AOP and Saint Emillion Grand Cru AOP.

A

Both share the same geographic boundaries; however, Saint Emillion Grand Cru AOP is a reference to the chateaus awarded that status by the Grand Cru Classification that began in 1954 (which has since been modified). Grand Cru wines must also be estate bottled, hand-harvested, and the minimum elevage is longer

106
Q

The last major revision to the Saint Emillion Grand Cru Classification?

A

2012

107
Q

How many Chateau are found in each of the following classifications:

a) Premiere Grand Cru Classe A
b) Premiere Grand Cru Classe B
c) Grand Cru Classe

A

a) 4
b) 14
c) 64

108
Q

Name the 4 Premiere Grand Cru Classe A Chateau of Saint Emillion?

A

Angelus
Ausone
Pavie
Cheval Blanc

109
Q

Are Saint Emillion Grand Cru Classe estates allowed to add tracts of land to increase their production while maintaining their status?

A

NO

110
Q

These two rivers encircle the commune of Pomerol? The town that surrounds Pomerol?

A

a) Isle, Barbanne

b) Libourne

111
Q

In Pomerol, what are the “crasse de fer?”

A

Iron-rich sand deposits

112
Q

Petrus is situated on this defining element of Pomerol’s soil?

A

Buttoniere; 20ha of deep blue clay

113
Q

This year saw the shift in vineyard acreage from Cabernet Franc to Merlot in Pomerol?

A

1956 (torrential frost)

114
Q

This state lays claim to most of the Cabernet Sauvignon in Pomerol?

A

Chateau de Sales

115
Q

Eight of Pomerol’s finest producers.

A 
Chateau Clinet
Petrus
L'Evangile
Hossana
Trotonay
Le Pin
Lafleur
Le Bon Pasteur
La Fleur du Gay
La Croix du Gay
116
Q

This river separates Fronsac from Lalande-de-Pomerol?

A

Isle

117
Q

Fronsac is separated from Entre-deux-Mers by?

A

Dordogne River

118
Q

Canon and Canon-Fronsac AOPs share this common soil type?

A

Fronsadais Molasses (limestone, clay mixture)

119
Q

Three of Fronsac/Canon-Fronsac’s top estates?

A

Chateau Fontenil (Rolland)
Chateau Gaby
Chateau de la Dauphine

120
Q

This river divides the Saint Emillion AOP from its four satellite appellations to the North?

A

Barbanne River

121
Q

Lussac’s premiere producer? Under the ownership of?

A

a) Chateau La Rose Perriere

b) Tonnellerie Sylvain

122
Q

Entre-deux-Mers AOP exists for?

A

Dry White Wines

123
Q

Red wines produced in Entre-deux-Mers are released as? Composed of?

A

a) Bordeaux AOP, Bordeaux Supierier AOP

b) Merlot-based

124
Q

What is “Haut Benage?”

A

A geographic designation that may be applied to wines from Entre-deux-Mers

125
Q

Cotes-des-Bordeaux-Saint-Macaire wines are what in style?

A

Dry/sweet white wines

126
Q

The Premiere-Cotes-des-Bordeaux AOP produces this type of wine? Contains these three superior appellations?

A

a) Sweet wine (min RS 34g/L)

b) Cadillac, Loupiac, Sainte-Croix-du-Montes

127
Q

The Cotes des Bordeaux AOP was an attempt at unifying these regions for collective marketing’s sake? Four geographic designations that exist under the Cotes des Bordeaux AOP? Which are red wine only?

A

a) Premiere Cotes de Bordeaux AOP, the area east of the of the Saint Emillion AOP, and Blaye
b) Cadillac, Blaye, Castillon, Francs
c) Cadillac, Castillon (Merlot)

128
Q

This region has the highest concentration of Malbec planted in all of Bordeaux?

A

Bourg AOP

129
Q

Bourg AOP red wines are based off of? Complemented by? The top producer of Bourg?

A

a) Merlot
b) Cabernet Sauvignon, Malbec
c) Chateau Roc de Cambes

130
Q

A few rare Blaye AOP white wines are built from these two regional grapes? Most whites are?

A

a) Ugni Blanc, Colombard

b) Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon

131
Q

Red wines from Blaye may be labeled as either?

A

Blaye AOP

Cotes des Bordeaux AOP

132
Q

Interchangeable labeling for Bourg AOP includes?

A

Cotes de Bourg AOP

133
Q

Second label of Troplong-Mondot?

A

Mondot

134
Q

Which major commune of the Haut-Modoc does the best in drier years, but worst in wetter years?

A

Margaux; water retention of clay soils

135
Q

Second label of Langoa-Barton?

A

Chateau Lady Langoa

136
Q

Second label of Cantemerle?

A

Le Allee de Cantermerle

137
Q

Second label of Pouget?

A

La Tour Massac

138
Q

What are the fifth growths of Pauillac?

A 
Pontet-Canet 
Batailley 
Haut-Batailley 
Haut-Bages-Libéral 
Grand-Puy-Lacoste 
Grand-Puy-Ducasse 
Lynch-Bages 
Lynch-Moussas 
d'Armailhac 
Pédesclaux 
Clerc-Milon 
Croizet-Bages
139
Q

What is the third growth of the greater Haut-Médoc not located in any major commune?

A

Chateau La Lagune

140
Q

2nd wine of Cantenac-Brown?

A

Brio de Cantenac-Brown

141
Q

What are the fourth growths of Margaux? (3)

A

Marquis de Terme
Pouget
Prieuré-Lichine

142
Q

What does Cabernet Franc contribute to the blend in in Bordeaux? What soils does it prefer? Early/late budding? Early/late ripening?

A

Imparts herbal spice and red fruit aromatics. More tannic than Merlot, but less muscular or weighty than Cabernet Sauvignon.Excels in limestone-based soils, which promote acidity and freshness in the wines.Late-budding/Late ripening but earlier for both than Cabernet Sauvignon.

143
Q

What are the three fifth growths of the Haut-Medoc not located within the major communes?

A

Belgrave
Camensac
Cantemerle

144
Q

Second label of Rauzan-Ségla?

A

Segla

145
Q

What is the fourth growth of Saint-Estèphe?

A

Lafon-Rochet

146
Q

Second label of Figeac?

A

Petit Figeac

147
Q

Second label of Angélus?

A

Carillon d’Angelus

148
Q

How many estates are classified in Graves? Which are red only? (7) Which are white only? (3) Which are classified for both red and white? (6)

A 
16 Classified 
Both: 
Bouscaut 
Carbonnieux 
Domaine de Chevalier 
Latour-Martillac 
Malartic-Lagraviére 
Olivier
Red 
Onlyde Fieuzal 
Haut-Bailly 
Haut-Brion 
Pape-Clément 
Smith-Haut-Lafite 
La Mission Haut-Brion 
La Tour Haut-Brion

White Only
Laville-Haut-Brion (White)
Couhins-Lurton (White)
Couhins (White)

149
Q

Dating back to 1980, what were the best vintages for the Left Bank? (by decade)

A

80s (‘82, ‘85, ‘86, ‘89) 90s (‘90, ‘96) 00s (2000, 2005, 2009, 2010 )( ‘82, ‘86, ‘89, ‘90, ‘00, ‘05, ‘09, ‘10 being the best)

150
Q

Second label of Pontet-Canet?

A

Les Hauts du Pontet-Canet

151
Q

In the 1700s, Negotiants and Courtiers represented a new emerging merchant class. How did they contribute to the Bordeaux wine industry and which has more power today?

A

Négociants bought fruit or wine in barrel to age in their own cellars before selling the wine under their name?Courtiers-brokers of wine- supplied châteaux with financial backing while gaining control over the actual trade of the wine produced.Courtiers are still very powerful today.

152
Q

Name three of the first growths of Sauternes?

A

Suduiraut
Guiraud
Rieussec

153
Q

What is the grape parentage of Carmenère?

A

Gros Cabernet

Cabernet Franc

154
Q

Lalande-de-Pomerol and _____ are the only 2 communes permitted to produce wines under the Lalande-de-Pomerol AOP.

A

Neac

155
Q

In what century did Malbec first appear in Bordeaux?

A

18th

156
Q

Name the classified growth from 1855 that is no longer in existence.

A

Chateau Dubignon

157
Q

Second label of Valandraud?

A

Virginie de Valandraud

158
Q

What was the last vintage of La Tour Haut-Brion?

A

2005

159
Q

What are the third growths of Saint-Julien? (2)

A

Lagrange

Langoa-Barton

160
Q

What is the Bordeaux mixture?

A

A spray composed of copper sulfate, lime, and water used to treat mold in the vineyard

161
Q

Second label of Branaire-Ducru?

A

Chateau Duluc

162
Q

What is the fourth growth of Pauillac?

A

Duhart-Milon Rothschild

163
Q

Second label of Calon-Ségur?

A

Les Marquis de Calon

164
Q

What are the third growths of Margaux? (10)

A 
Palmer
Kirwan
Giscours
d'Issan
Cantenac-Brown
Boyd-Cantenac
Malescot-Saint-Exupéry 
Desmirail 
Ferrière 
Marquis d'Alesme Becker
165
Q

Second label of Boyd-Cantenac?

A

Jacques Boyd

166
Q

What are the fourth growths of Saint-Julien? (4)

A

Talbot
Branaire Ducru
Beychevelle
Saint-Pierre

167
Q

Second label of Ducru-Beaucaillou?

A

La Croix de Beaucaillou

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