France (Bordeaux) Flashcards
T/F: Bordeaux has more acreage under vine than any other region in France?
True
Ugni Blanc and Colombard are primarily used in which appellation?
Cotes des Blaye AOP
Name the 2 rivers bordering the Sauternes AOP.
Garonne
Cirone
What line of latitude runs just north of the region of Bordeaux?
45deg N
In which year were the estates of Graves FIRST classified?
1953
Who is the producer of “Crème de Tête?”
Chateau Gilette
What is Bouchet?
A synonym for Cab Franc on the right bank
What is Pressac?
A synonym for Malbec on the right bank
What is the minimum alcohol for Saint-Émilion Grand Cru AOP?
11.5% ABV
The Cru Classé properties of Graves are located in which of the following appellations?
Pessac Leognan
The Saint-Émilion AOP borders which of the following rivers?
Dordogne
All of the vineyards in Bordeaux are included in this all-encompassing IGP?
Atlantique
The five major subregions of Bordeaux?
Medoc Graves Entre Deux Mers The Right Bank Blaye/Bourg
The left bank is made up of these two major subregions?
Medoc
Graves
The average annual amount of rainfall in Bordeaux?
35”
The two late-ripening grapes of the Bordeaux family?
Cabernet Sauvignon Petit Verdot (latest)
The catastrophic winter of the 20th century in Bordeaux?
1956
The most-planted white and red grape of Bordeaux?
a) Semillon
b) Merlot
This is only red variety in the Bordeaux family that does not showcase pyrazine?
Malbec
The three overarching appellations of Bordeaux?
Bordeaux AOP
Bordeaux Superieur AOP
Cremant de Bordeaux AOP
The single estate on the Right Bank of Bordeaux petitioning for its own appellation?
Chateau le Puy
Most rose in Bordeaux is made by this method?
Saignee
What type of wines does the Bordeaux AOP permit? Bordeaux Superieur AOP? Both appellations were introduced in?
a) White (dry, off-dry, meduim sweet), Rose, Clairette, Red (Dry)
b) Medium-sweet Whites, Dry Reds (with stricter limitations)
c) 1936
Cremant de Bordeaux AOP permits?
Traditional method white and rose sparklers (9mos minimum on the lees)
IGP wines in the Atlantique typically come from these regions?
Bergerac
Cognac
Duras
The English thirst for “clairette” was born during?
English rule of Acquitaine from the mid 12th century - mid 15th century
___________ saw Bordeaux/Acquitaine returned to French control
1453
Sauternes and Bergerac began to focus on sweet wines beginning in?
Late 17th century
Three oak sources (forests) for French barrique?
Limousin
Troncais
Allier
This year saw the end of the Dutch trade monopoly of Bordeaux and the catastrophic frost in the Pays-Nantais?
1709
The first wine to be labeled by chateau in 18th century?
Chateau Haut-Brion
Name four chateau that the Liv-Ex classification elevated by its revision in 2015.
La Mission de Haut Brion (1st)
Lynch-Bages (2nd)
Palmer (2nd)
Pontet-Canet (2nd)
The three tiers of classification for Sauternes chateau in 1855?
Second Crus
Premiere Crus
Premiere Cru Superiuer (just Yquem)
Today’s claasification of Bordeaux represents how many chateau for white and red wines?
a) 27
b) 61
This year saw the promotion of Mouton to 1st growth?
1973
The three diseases that crippled Bordeaux in the 19th century?
Oidium
Phylloxera
Peronospera (downy, mildew)
This hybrid was the fourth most popular planting of red grapes in Bordeaux, even still in 2011.
Villard Noir
The reason why Carmenere and Malbec disappeared from Bordeaux post-Phylloxera?
Poor grafting ability to American rootstocks
The first major chateau to estate-bottle all of its production?
Mouton (1924)
Three highly-influential consulting winemakers of the 90s?
Emile Peynaud
Michelle Rolland
Stephane Derononcourt
This system manages the production-sales elements of the Bordeaux wine empire? The two classes represented by the system?
a) Place de Bordeaux
b) Production (chateau), Sales (merchant, negociant)
This major chateau opted out of the “En Primeur” model in 2012?
Latour
This is what prevents fractional ownership that was put into play by the Napoleonic code from remaining within a family nearly impossible in Bordeaux?
Inheritance tax of nearly 50%!
What is a “societe civile?”
A method of retaining family ownership of parcels through fractional division by eliminating actual transfer of property by creating shares in a real estate company
Name all five first growth chateaus.
Lafite-Rothschild Mouton-Rothschild Latour Haut-Brion Margaux
List all 2nd growths (14) and corresponding AOPs.
a) St. Estephe: Cos d’Estournel, Montrose
b) Pauillac: Pichon-Baron, Pichon Comtesse
c) St. Julien: Ducru de Beaucaillou, Leoville-Barton, Leoville Las Cases, Leoville Poyferre, Gruaud-Larose
d) Margaux: Lascombes, Rauzan-Segla, Rauzan Gassies, Brane-Cantenac, Dufort-Vivens
Common vine training in each of the following sectors of Bordeaux:
a) Left Bank
b) Right Bank
c) Sweet wine producing regions:
a) Double Guyot
b) Single Guyot
c) Cordon
What important soil type do you see much more of on the right bank than the left?
Limestone
The only classified and certified biodynamic producer of the Medoc?
Pontet-Canet (Pauillac 5th growth)
The two types of high-end sorting technology commonly found in the current era of Bordeaux?
a) Optical sorter
b) Density sorter (where grapes are run through a sugar/water solution and grapes of higher than set ripeness are selected for grand vins)
The two types of high-end sorting technology commonly found in the current era of Bordeaux?
a) Optical sorter
b) Density sorter (where grapes are run through a sugar/water solution and grapes of higher than set ripeness are selected for grand vins)
Typical elevage period in barrel for a noteworthy red wine in Bordeaux? White wine?
a) 18-24mos
b) 12-15mos
Typical elevage period in barrel for a noteworthy red wine in Bordeaux? White wine?
a) 18-24mos
b) 12-15mos
What is “cliquage?”
Small doeses of Oxygen applied to a finished wine in barrel to prevent reduction brought on by batonnage
Second wines became common at many major Chateau after this vintage?
1982
Second wines in the Medoc tend to have a higher percentage of ____________ and less ____________ than the grand vin.
a) Merlot
b) New oak
This forest shields the Medoc from the winds off of the Atlantic?
Landes Forest
These two great Chateau’s properties create the border between St. Estephe and Pauillac.
Cos d’Estournel
Lafite-Rothschild
This Chateau marks the southern border of the Pauillac appellation?
Chateau Latour
This appellation has the highest proportion of classed growths?
St. Julien
The five communes included in the Margaux AOP.
Margaux Cantenac Soussans Arsac Labarde
Where would you find Chateau Poujeaux?
Moulis
Where are Moulis and Listrac-Medoc AOPs found?
Just north of Margaux, removed from the shores of the Gironde
Two additional classifications recognized in the Medoc.
Cru Artisan
Cru Bourgeios
What are the two governing AOPs of Grave? What styles of wine are covered by each?
a) Graves AOP (dry white/dry red wines)
b) Graves Superieur AOP (sweet white wines)
Name the second wines of the following Chateau:
a) Haut Brion
b) Latour
c) Margaux
d) Mouton
e) Lafite
f) Pichon-Baron
g) Pichon-Lalande
h) Cos d’Estournel
i) Montrose
j) Lynch-Bages
k) Gruaud-Larose
l) Beychevelle
m) Brane-Cantenac
n) Giscours
o) Calon-Segur
p) Lascombes
q) Pontet-Canet
r) D’Issan
s) Leoville Las Cases
t) Kirwan
a) Le Clarence de Haut-Brion
b) Les Forts de Latour
c) Pavillon de Margaux
d) Le Petit Mouton
e) Carraudes des Lafite
f) Les Tourelles de Longueville
g) Reserve de la Comtesse
h) Pagodes de Cos
i) Le Dame de Montose
j) Echo de Lynch-Bages
k) Sarget de Gruaud-Larose
l) Amiral de Beychevelle
m) Baron de Brane
n) La Sirene de Giscours
o) Marquis de Calon
p) Chevalier de Lascombes
q) Benjamin de Pontet
r) Blassan D’Issan
s) Clos du Marquis
t) Les Charmes des Kirwan
Name the second wines of the following Chateau:
a) Haut Brion
b) Latour
c) Margaux
d) Mouton
e) Lafite
f) Pichon-Baron
g) Pichon-Lalande
h) Cos d’Estournel
i) Montrose
j) Lynch-Bages
k) Gruaud-Larose
l) Beychevelle
m) Brane-Cantenac
n) Giscours
o) Calon-Segur
p) Lascombes
q) Pontet-Canet
r) D’Issan
s) Leoville Las Cases
t) Kirwan
u) Lafon-Rochet
v) Ducru-Beaucaillou
w) Talbot
x) Dufort-Vivens
y) Rauzan-Gassies
z) Rauzan-Segla
a) Le Clarence de Haut-Brion
b) Les Forts de Latour
c) Pavillon de Margaux
d) Le Petit Mouton
e) Carraudes des Lafite
f) Les Tourelles de Longueville
g) Reserve de la Comtesse
h) Pagodes de Cos
i) Le Dame de Montose
j) Echo de Lynch-Bages
k) Sarget de Gruaud-Larose
l) Amiral de Beychevelle
m) Baron de Brane
n) La Sirene de Giscours
o) Marquis de Calon
p) Chevalier de Lascombes
q) Benjamin de Pontet
r) Blassan D’Issan
s) Clos du Marquis
t) Les Charmes des Kirwan
u) Les Pélerins de Lafon-Rochet
v) La Croix du Beaucaillou
w) Connétable de Talbot
x) Vivens Rouge
y) Gassies
z)
Aile d’Argent is associated with which parent Chateau?
Mouton-Rothschild
How many chateau are included in the revised Graves Classification of 1953? The lone designation awarded by this classification?
a) 16
b) Cru Classe
The pristine gravel soils of Graves are found in the north or the south of the AOP?
South; between Merignac and Martillac
Pessac-Leognan earned its AOP status in the more recent year of?
1987
Haut-Brion is most-planted to this variety?
Merlot
Five top-white wine producing chateau in Pessac-Leognan?
Domaine de Chevalier Smith Haut-Lafite Haut Brion Pape Clement Carbonneaux
Sauternes lies on the __________ bank of the __________ River?
a) West
b) Garonne
The five communes that constitute the Sauternes AOP?
Sauternes Barsac Bommes Fargues Preignac
The vineyards of Sauternes are situated at the confluence of these two rivers?
Garonne
Ciron
Most estates in Sauternes average this number of tries in a given harvest?
3-4
Is chaptalization permitted in Sauternes?
Yes
Typical R/S range for a fine Sauternes sweet wine?
120-160g/L
Dry wines produced in Barsac and Sauternes must be labeled as?
Bordeaux AOP
The first vintage of “Ygrec?” The wine has been made annually since?
a) 1959
b) 2004
The Cerons AOP contains the following three communes. The region is found just north of? The AOP is designated for?
a) Cerons, Podensac, Illats
b) Barsac
c) Sweet wines
Dry wines produced in the Cerons AOP must be labeled as?
Graves AOP
The 10 AOPs that constitute the Right Bank?
Saint Emillion Saint Emillion Grand Cru Lussac-Saint Emillion St Georges-Saint Emillion Montagne-Saint Emillion Puisseguin-Saint Emillion Pomerol Lalande-de-Pomerol Fronsac Canon-Fronsac
Prominent soil types of the Right Bank?
Clay
Calcareous Clay
Limestone
Some Gravel
The severe frosts of this year intensified the adoption of Merlot on the right bank?
1956
The varietal breakdown of the Right Bank?
70% Merlot
30% Cabernet Franc
White wines produced on the Right Bank are typically labeled as?
Bordeaux AOP
Christian Moueix’s property of the right bank? The Napa-based operation that he makes the wines for?
a) Chateau Magdelane (Saint Emillion)
b) Dominus
The “garagiste” movement on the Right Bank was inspired by the wines of this Chateau.
Valandraud (Saint Emillion)
The Saint Emillion AOP nestles against these two rivers?
Dordogne
Barbanne
In Saint Emillion, ___________ soils occupy the Cotes while __________ soils form the plateau.
a) Limestone
b) Clay
The proportion of Cabernet Franc is higher or lower in Pomerol than Saint Emillion?
Higher
Cheval Blanc’s typical varietal breakdown?
More Cabernet Franc
Less Merlot
Chateau Figeac is noted for having a high percentage of this variety in its wines?
Cabernet Sauvignon
The organization that traditionally set the “Ban de Vendanges” in Saint Emillion?
The Jurade de Saint Emillion
Saint Emillion AOP and Saint Emillion AOP produce only this style of wine?
Dry red
In the mid-17th century Dutch engineers built a system of canals, called _____, to drain the marshy lowlands of the Médoc.
Jalles
What is the fifth growth of Saint-Estèphe?
Cos Labory
What are the Premieres Grands Crus Classés B of Saint-Emilion?
BeauSéjour Bécot Beauséjour Bélair-Monange Canon Canon-la-Gaffelière Figeac Fourtet La Gaffelière Lacris-Ducasse La Mondotte Pavie-Macquin Troplong-Mondot Trottevieille Valandraud`
What is the third growth of the greater Haut-Médoc not located in any major commune?
La Lagune
Is Merlot early or late budding? Early or late ripening?
a) Late
b) Early
Second label of Pavie?
Espirit de Pavie
What is the fourth growth of greater Haut-Médoc not within the major communes?
La Tour Carnet
Explain the difference between Saint Emillion AOP and Saint Emillion Grand Cru AOP.
Both share the same geographic boundaries; however, Saint Emillion Grand Cru AOP is a reference to the chateaus awarded that status by the Grand Cru Classification that began in 1954 (which has since been modified). Grand Cru wines must also be estate bottled, hand-harvested, and the minimum elevage is longer
The last major revision to the Saint Emillion Grand Cru Classification?
2012
How many Chateau are found in each of the following classifications:
a) Premiere Grand Cru Classe A
b) Premiere Grand Cru Classe B
c) Grand Cru Classe
a) 4
b) 14
c) 64
Name the 4 Premiere Grand Cru Classe A Chateau of Saint Emillion?
Angelus
Ausone
Pavie
Cheval Blanc
Are Saint Emillion Grand Cru Classe estates allowed to add tracts of land to increase their production while maintaining their status?
NO
These two rivers encircle the commune of Pomerol? The town that surrounds Pomerol?
a) Isle, Barbanne
b) Libourne
In Pomerol, what are the “crasse de fer?”
Iron-rich sand deposits
Petrus is situated on this defining element of Pomerol’s soil?
Buttoniere; 20ha of deep blue clay
This year saw the shift in vineyard acreage from Cabernet Franc to Merlot in Pomerol?
1956 (torrential frost)
This state lays claim to most of the Cabernet Sauvignon in Pomerol?
Chateau de Sales
Eight of Pomerol’s finest producers.
Chateau Clinet Petrus L'Evangile Hossana Trotonay Le Pin Lafleur Le Bon Pasteur La Fleur du Gay La Croix du Gay
This river separates Fronsac from Lalande-de-Pomerol?
Isle
Fronsac is separated from Entre-deux-Mers by?
Dordogne River
Canon and Canon-Fronsac AOPs share this common soil type?
Fronsadais Molasses (limestone, clay mixture)
Three of Fronsac/Canon-Fronsac’s top estates?
Chateau Fontenil (Rolland)
Chateau Gaby
Chateau de la Dauphine
This river divides the Saint Emillion AOP from its four satellite appellations to the North?
Barbanne River
Lussac’s premiere producer? Under the ownership of?
a) Chateau La Rose Perriere
b) Tonnellerie Sylvain
Entre-deux-Mers AOP exists for?
Dry White Wines
Red wines produced in Entre-deux-Mers are released as? Composed of?
a) Bordeaux AOP, Bordeaux Supierier AOP
b) Merlot-based
What is “Haut Benage?”
A geographic designation that may be applied to wines from Entre-deux-Mers
Cotes-des-Bordeaux-Saint-Macaire wines are what in style?
Dry/sweet white wines
The Premiere-Cotes-des-Bordeaux AOP produces this type of wine? Contains these three superior appellations?
a) Sweet wine (min RS 34g/L)
b) Cadillac, Loupiac, Sainte-Croix-du-Montes
The Cotes des Bordeaux AOP was an attempt at unifying these regions for collective marketing’s sake? Four geographic designations that exist under the Cotes des Bordeaux AOP? Which are red wine only?
a) Premiere Cotes de Bordeaux AOP, the area east of the of the Saint Emillion AOP, and Blaye
b) Cadillac, Blaye, Castillon, Francs
c) Cadillac, Castillon (Merlot)
This region has the highest concentration of Malbec planted in all of Bordeaux?
Bourg AOP
Bourg AOP red wines are based off of? Complemented by? The top producer of Bourg?
a) Merlot
b) Cabernet Sauvignon, Malbec
c) Chateau Roc de Cambes
A few rare Blaye AOP white wines are built from these two regional grapes? Most whites are?
a) Ugni Blanc, Colombard
b) Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon
Red wines from Blaye may be labeled as either?
Blaye AOP
Cotes des Bordeaux AOP
Interchangeable labeling for Bourg AOP includes?
Cotes de Bourg AOP
Second label of Troplong-Mondot?
Mondot
Which major commune of the Haut-Modoc does the best in drier years, but worst in wetter years?
Margaux; water retention of clay soils
Second label of Langoa-Barton?
Chateau Lady Langoa
Second label of Cantemerle?
Le Allee de Cantermerle
Second label of Pouget?
La Tour Massac
What are the fifth growths of Pauillac?
Pontet-Canet Batailley Haut-Batailley Haut-Bages-Libéral Grand-Puy-Lacoste Grand-Puy-Ducasse Lynch-Bages Lynch-Moussas d'Armailhac Pédesclaux Clerc-Milon Croizet-Bages
What is the third growth of the greater Haut-Médoc not located in any major commune?
Chateau La Lagune
2nd wine of Cantenac-Brown?
Brio de Cantenac-Brown
What are the fourth growths of Margaux? (3)
Marquis de Terme
Pouget
Prieuré-Lichine
What does Cabernet Franc contribute to the blend in in Bordeaux? What soils does it prefer? Early/late budding? Early/late ripening?
Imparts herbal spice and red fruit aromatics. More tannic than Merlot, but less muscular or weighty than Cabernet Sauvignon.Excels in limestone-based soils, which promote acidity and freshness in the wines.Late-budding/Late ripening but earlier for both than Cabernet Sauvignon.
What are the three fifth growths of the Haut-Medoc not located within the major communes?
Belgrave
Camensac
Cantemerle
Second label of Rauzan-Ségla?
Segla
What is the fourth growth of Saint-Estèphe?
Lafon-Rochet
Second label of Figeac?
Petit Figeac
Second label of Angélus?
Carillon d’Angelus
How many estates are classified in Graves? Which are red only? (7) Which are white only? (3) Which are classified for both red and white? (6)
16 Classified Both: Bouscaut Carbonnieux Domaine de Chevalier Latour-Martillac Malartic-Lagraviére Olivier
Red Onlyde Fieuzal Haut-Bailly Haut-Brion Pape-Clément Smith-Haut-Lafite La Mission Haut-Brion La Tour Haut-Brion
White Only
Laville-Haut-Brion (White)
Couhins-Lurton (White)
Couhins (White)
Dating back to 1980, what were the best vintages for the Left Bank? (by decade)
80s (‘82, ‘85, ‘86, ‘89) 90s (‘90, ‘96) 00s (2000, 2005, 2009, 2010 )( ‘82, ‘86, ‘89, ‘90, ‘00, ‘05, ‘09, ‘10 being the best)
Second label of Pontet-Canet?
Les Hauts du Pontet-Canet
In the 1700s, Negotiants and Courtiers represented a new emerging merchant class. How did they contribute to the Bordeaux wine industry and which has more power today?
Négociants bought fruit or wine in barrel to age in their own cellars before selling the wine under their name?Courtiers-brokers of wine- supplied châteaux with financial backing while gaining control over the actual trade of the wine produced.Courtiers are still very powerful today.
Name three of the first growths of Sauternes?
Suduiraut
Guiraud
Rieussec
What is the grape parentage of Carmenère?
Gros Cabernet
Cabernet Franc
Lalande-de-Pomerol and _____ are the only 2 communes permitted to produce wines under the Lalande-de-Pomerol AOP.
Neac
In what century did Malbec first appear in Bordeaux?
18th
Name the classified growth from 1855 that is no longer in existence.
Chateau Dubignon
Second label of Valandraud?
Virginie de Valandraud
What was the last vintage of La Tour Haut-Brion?
2005
What are the third growths of Saint-Julien? (2)
Lagrange
Langoa-Barton
What is the Bordeaux mixture?
A spray composed of copper sulfate, lime, and water used to treat mold in the vineyard
Second label of Branaire-Ducru?
Chateau Duluc
What is the fourth growth of Pauillac?
Duhart-Milon Rothschild
Second label of Calon-Ségur?
Les Marquis de Calon
What are the third growths of Margaux? (10)
Palmer Kirwan Giscours d'Issan Cantenac-Brown Boyd-Cantenac Malescot-Saint-Exupéry Desmirail Ferrière Marquis d'Alesme Becker
Second label of Boyd-Cantenac?
Jacques Boyd
What are the fourth growths of Saint-Julien? (4)
Talbot
Branaire Ducru
Beychevelle
Saint-Pierre
Second label of Ducru-Beaucaillou?
La Croix de Beaucaillou
