Fractures Flashcards
1
Q
What are the different types of fracture?
A
- open fracture (skin breaks, open wound)
- closed fracture (skin doesn’t break)
- complicated fractures (surrounding structures get affected)
- stress fracture (tiny cracks caused by repetitive force / stress)
- greenstick fracture (bone only cracks on one side)
- spiral (in a spiral manner)
- oblique (/)
- transverse (—)
- wedge ()
- impacted (bone is driven into itself)
- displaced (comes out of alignment)
2
Q
What are the symptoms of a fracture?
A
- severe pain
- difficulty in movement
- tenderness on applying pressure
3
Q
How is first aid provided for an open fracture?
A
- check for other injuries
- immobilize the broken wound
- control bleeding around the wound
- apply dressing and bandage to the wound
4
Q
How should bandages be used for fractures?
A
- don’t apply over the fracture
- should be firm
- place padding material
5
Q
How / what kinds of splints should be used?
A
- rigid enough
- wide / long enough
- well padded
- raise the injured part
6
Q
What are the things you shouldn’t do to fractures?
A
- massage the affected area
- straighten the broken bone
- move the move without support
- move the joints about
7
Q
How are skull fractures recognized?
A
- wound / bruise on the head
- soft area / depression on the scalp
- bruising behind one ear or around eyes
- blood in the eye
8
Q
What is the treatment for skull fractures?
A
- don’t turn the head in case there’s neck injury
- control any bleeding by applying pressure around the wound
- if there’s discharge from an ear, cover it with a sterile dressing / clean pad
- monitor vital signs
If unconscious - open airway using the jaw thrust method, check for breathing
- chest compressions and rescue breaths
9
Q
What are the symptoms of spin fractures?
A
- tenderness near the affected part
- unable to feel / move legs if the injury is in the lower back or can’t move any limb if the injury is at neck level
10
Q
What is the treatment for spin fractures?
A
- casualty must not move unless their life is in danger
- place blankets under their backs
- the head and trunk needs to be aligned at all times
11
Q
What are the symptoms of jaw fractures?
A
- difficulty speaking, chewing
- displaced teeth
- swelling, bruising around the jaw
12
Q
What is the treatment for jaw fractures?
A
- carefully remove any loose teeth
- support the injured jaw
- if unconscious / seriously injured, place the injured side down and soft pad under the head
13
Q
What are the symptoms of collar bone fractures?
A
- if the casualty is supporting her injured side arm and inclining the head towards the injury
- reluctant to move the arm on the injured side
14
Q
What is the treatment for collar fractures?
A
- position the injured side arm so that the fingertips are almost resting on the opposite shoulder
- support the arm with an elevation sling with soft padding in between
