fractional distillation

Question 1

what is fractions distillation used for?

Answer 1

separation of mixture of different liquids with different boiling points.

Question 2

apparatus used in fractional distillation

Answer 2

flask, fractionating column, thermometer, condenser tube, beaker

Question 3

how does fractional distillation work?

Answer 3

gently heat mixture. both liquids start to evaporate. liquid with lower boiling point evaporate more easily. when vapours reach fractioning column then will condense and drip back into flask where liquids evaporate again. this increases lower boiling point chemical in fractioning column.reach thermometer temp rises. now pass into condenser and turn back to liquid. the thermometer stops rising so one chemical left in flask. this vapour can be collected in a separate beaker (relatively pure substance).

Question 4

facts about technique

Answer 4

if liquids have similar boiling points it is hard to separate them and you will have to carry out a few rounds.
equipment not useful for large volume of liquids.