Fractional Distillatiom And Uses Of Cracking And Crude Oil

Question 1

How are the different compounds in crude oil separated

Answer 1

Fractional distillation

Question 2

What is crude oil

Answer 2

A mixture of different hydrocarbons

Question 3

How is crude oil separated with fractional distillation

Answer 3

Oil is heated until most of it is turned the gas gas enters fractioning column there is a temperature gradient of the bottom colour as you go up longer hydrocarbons have a higher boiling point so condense back into liquids and drain out early on near the bottom shorter hydrocarbons have lower boiling points they condense and drain out much later on near the top of the column the crude oil mixture is separate out into different fractions each fraction contains a mixture of hyper hydrocarbons that all contain a similar number of carbon atoms so have a similar boiling points

Question 4

Order in the fraction in column Highest boiling point to lowest

Answer 4

Bitumen
Heavy fuel oil
Diesel oil
Kerosene
Petrol
LPG - Liquefied petroleum gas

Question 5

What does the petrochemical industry use of the hydrocarbons from crude oil for

Answer 5

Feedstock to make new compounds for use and things like polymers solvents lubricants and detergent

Question 6

What are all the products you get from crude oil

Answer 6

Organic compounds

Question 7

Why do you get such a large variety of products in crude oil

Answer 7

Because carbon atoms combine together to form different groups called HomoLogous series

Question 8

What does cracking do

Answer 8

Splits up long chain hydrocarbons

Question 9

What is more in demand

Answer 9

Short chain hydrocarbons however more long chain hydrocarbons are made during fractional distillation

Question 10

How long chain hydrocarbons turn into short chain hydrocarbons

Answer 10

Cracking

Question 11

As well as alkanes what cracking produce

Answer 11

Alkenes

Question 12

What are alkanes used as a starting material for

Answer 12

When making lots of other compounds and can be used to make polymers

Question 13

What are some products of cracking used for

Answer 13

Fuels

Question 14

What type of reaction is cracking

Answer 14

Thermal decomposition
Breaks down molecules by heating them

Question 15

Catalytic cracking

Answer 15

Heat long chain hydrocarbons to vaporise then the vapour is passed over a hot powdered aluminium oxide catalyst long chain molecules split apart on the surface of the specs of catalyst this is catalytic cracking

Question 16

Steam cracking

Answer 16

Vaporise long chain hydrocarbons mix them with steam and heat them to very high temperature