Fractional Distallation And Combustion Flashcards
What does the industrial process of fractional distillation do
Separates crude oils into fractions
Refines crude oils
What is crude oil a mixture of
Hydrocarbons
How is crude oil separated
Using a fractional column
The column is hot at the bottom and cooler near the top
The crude oil is converted into vapour
The hydrocarbons with very high boiling points turn to liquid and are tapped off at the bottom
The other gases rise and are tapped off at the top
What are the main fractions of crude oil
In order of boiling point lowest first
Refinery gases (LPG) Gasoline Kerosene Diesal Lubricating oil Fuel oil Bitumen
Describe the relationship between boiling point and viscosity of the main fractions
The higher the boiling point the more viscous it is
What is complete combustion
It occurs when there is plenty of oxygen
It releases lots of energy and produces harmless waste products
What is the formula of complete combustion
Alkane + oxygen > carbon dioxide + water
What is incomplete combustion
Happens if there isn’t enough oxygen
Carbon and Carbon monoxide is made
Less energy
Smoky yellow flame
Effects of incomplete combustion of the body
Poisonous carbon monoxide
Stops the body from carrying oxygen in the blood
It combines irreversibly with the haemoglobin
What are the characteristics of short chain hydrocarbons
Highly flammable
Low viscosity
Low boiling point
What are the properties of long chain hydrocarbons
Less flammableviscous
High boiling point
What is done with long chain hydrocarbons to make them more useful
Process of cracking
