Foundations: Chemistry & Chemical Safety Exam Review Flashcards
Which of the following is defined as anything that occupies space (volume) and has mass (weight)?
a. atoms
b. molecules
c. matter
d. elements
The answer is c:
Matter
There are 118 different elements known to science today. How many of these are naturally occurring on Earth?
a. 116
b. 98
c. 50
d. 76
The answer is b:
98
Which of the following are the basic building blocks of all matter?
a. electrons
b. protons
c. molecules
d. atoms
The answer is d:
Atoms
The letter H stands for the element ______:
a. Hydrogen
b. Hydroxide
c. Hydrophilic
d. Helium
The answer is a:
Hydrogen
An example of an elemental molecule is ______:
a. hydrogen peroxide
b. common table salt
c. water
d. the oxygen in air
The answer is d:
The oxygen in air
As the basic unit of matter, _____ cannot be divided into simpler substance by ordinary chemical means.
a. molecules
b. oxygen
c. atoms
d. water
The answer is c:
Atoms
Rusting iron and burning wood are examples of a change in what type of properties?
a. chemical
b. physical
c. mechanical
d. electrical
The answer is a:
Chemical
An example of a physical change is _____:
a. rusting iron
b. ice melting to water
c. burning wood
d. oxidation
The answer is b:
Ice melting to water
An example of a chemical change is _____:
a. water changing to ice
b. ice melting to water
c. the oxidation of hair color products
d. temporary hair color
The answer is c:
The oxidation of hair color products
Which of the following is an example of a pure substance?
a. concrete
b. salt
c. powder
d. salt water
The answer is b:
Salt
______, also known as alkalis, are compounds of hydrogen, a metal, and oxygen.
a. Oxides
b. Salts
c. Acids
d. Bases
The answer is d:
Bases
A _____ is a stable, uniform mixture of two or more mixable substances that is made by dissolving a solid, liquid, or gaseous substance in another substance.
a. suspension
b. solvent
c. solution
d. solute
The answer is c:
Solution
Which of the following allows oil and water to mix or emulsify by reducing surface tension?
a. surfactant
b. suspension
c. emulsion
d. solution
The answer is a:
Surfactant
An example of a water-in-oil emulsion is _______.
a. calamine lotion
b. mayonnaise
c. witch hazel
d. cold cream
The answer is d:
Cold cream
______ are examples of emulsions used in beauty services.
a. Powders
b. Shampoos and conditioners
c. Astringents
d. Soaps
The answer is b:
Shampoos and conditioners
The tail of a surfactant molecule is _____, or oil loving.
a. miscible
b. immiscible
c. lipophilic
d. hydrophilic
The answer is c:
Lipophilic
Nail polish, with glitter that can separate from the polish, is an example of a(n) ______:
a. emulsion
b. mixture
c. solution
d. suspension
The answer is d:
Suspension
Water-in-oil emulsions feel _____ than oil-in-water emulsions.
a. greasier
b. hotter
c. wetter
d. colder
The answer is a:
Greasier
_____ is the ingredient used to raise the pH in hair products to allow the solution to penetrate the hair shaft.
a. amino acid
b. ammonia
c. an alkaline solution
d. alpha hydroxy acid
The answer is b:
Ammonia
Volatile organic compounds contain ______ and evaporate very easily.
a. carbon
b. hydrogen
c. oxygen
d. nitrogen
The answer is a:
Carbon
_____ is the chemical reaction that combines a substance with oxygen to produce an oxide.
a. combustion
b. Ionization
c. reduction
d. oxidation
The answer is d:
Oxidation
The pH scale is ______:
a. arithmetic
b. logarithmic
c. mathematic
d. linear
The answer is b:
Logarithmic
A(n) ______ charged ion is called an anion.
a. positively
b. neutrally
c. negatively
d. naturally
The answer is c:
Negatively
The pH scale measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in acidic and alkaline ____ solutions.
a. unstable
b. hydrogen peroxide
c. liquid
d. water-based
The answer is d:
Water-based
What does a pH below 7 indicate?
a. a logarithmic solution
b. an alkaline solution
c. an acidic solution
d. a neutral solution
The answer is c:
An acidic solution
The letters pH denote _____, which is the relative degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance.
a. potential hydrogen
b. potential hydroxide
c. partial hydrogen
d. partially hydrophilic
The answer is a:
Potential Hydrogen
Nonaqueous solutions, such as alcohol or oil, do not have _____.
a. mass
b. pH
c. their own distinct physical and chemical properties
d. volume or shape
The answer is b:
pH
What is the average pH for hair and skin?
a. 3.5
b. 5
c. 7.5
d. 9
The answer is b:
5
Acidic solutions tend to _____ the hair.
a. swell
b. harden
c. soften
d. relax
The answer is b:
Harden
______ refers to either the loss of oxygen or the addition of hydrogen.
a. application
b. reduction
c. reaction
d. oxidation
The answer is b:
Reduction
When oxygen is combined with a substance, the substance is ____.
a. oxidized
b. reduced
c. united
d. blended
The answer is a:
Oxidized
Oxidation and reduction always occur simultaneously and are referred to as a(n) _____ reaction.
a. rapid oxidation
b. endothermic
c. redox
d. exothermic
The answer is c:
Redox
What type of chemical reaction requires the absorption of energy or heat from an external source for the reaction to actually occur?
a. endothermic
b. acid-alkali neutralization
c. exothermic
d. redox
The answer is a:
Endothermic
What type chemical reaction balanced pH and results in the production of water and a salt?
a. endothermic
b. acid-alkali neutralization
c. exothermic
d. redox
The answer is b:
Acid-alkali neutralization
The SDS contains ______ categories of information.
a. 10
b. 12
c. 14
d. 16
The answer is d:
16
On a Safety Data Sheet, what category would be include routes of exposure, related symptoms, and acute chronic effects?
a. physical and chemical properties
b. ecological information
c. toxicology information
d. stability and reactivity
The answer is c:
Toxicology information
As part of the SDS categories, first-aid measures include important symptoms/effects as well as ______.
a. product use
b. required treatment
c. use restrictions
d. containment and clean-up
The answer is b:
Required treatment
On Safety Data Sheets, emergency procedures, protective equipment, and proper methods of containment and cleanup are listed as _____.
a. accidental release measures
b. first-aid measures
c. exposure controls/personal protection
d. toxicology information
The answer is a:
Accidental release measures
As part of the SDS categories, handling and storage lists precautions for safe handling and storage, including _______.
a. incompatibilities
b. ingredients
c. reactions
d. identifiers
The answer is a:
Incompatibilities
The location you use for mixing chemicals must be ______.
a. unlocked at all times
b. well ventilated
c. kept at 98 degrees Fahrenheit
d. accessible only to managers
The answer is b:
Well ventilated
