Foundations: Chemistry & Chemical Safety Exam Review

Question 1

Which of the following is defined as anything that occupies space (volume) and has mass (weight)?

a. atoms
b. molecules
c. matter
d. elements

Answer 1

The answer is c:

Matter

Question 2

There are 118 different elements known to science today. How many of these are naturally occurring on Earth?

a. 116
b. 98
c. 50
d. 76

Answer 2

The answer is b:

98

Question 3

Which of the following are the basic building blocks of all matter?

a. electrons
b. protons
c. molecules
d. atoms

Answer 3

The answer is d:

Atoms

Question 4

The letter H stands for the element ______:

a. Hydrogen
b. Hydroxide
c. Hydrophilic
d. Helium

Answer 4

The answer is a:

Hydrogen

Question 5

An example of an elemental molecule is ______:

a. hydrogen peroxide
b. common table salt
c. water
d. the oxygen in air

Answer 5

The answer is d:

The oxygen in air

Question 6

As the basic unit of matter, _____ cannot be divided into simpler substance by ordinary chemical means.

a. molecules
b. oxygen
c. atoms
d. water

Answer 6

The answer is c:

Atoms

Question 7

Rusting iron and burning wood are examples of a change in what type of properties?

a. chemical
b. physical
c. mechanical
d. electrical

Answer 7

The answer is a:

Chemical

Question 8

An example of a physical change is _____:

a. rusting iron
b. ice melting to water
c. burning wood
d. oxidation

Answer 8

The answer is b:

Ice melting to water

Question 9

An example of a chemical change is _____:

a. water changing to ice
b. ice melting to water
c. the oxidation of hair color products
d. temporary hair color

Answer 9

The answer is c:

The oxidation of hair color products

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of a pure substance?

a. concrete
b. salt
c. powder
d. salt water

Answer 10

The answer is b:

Salt

Question 11

______, also known as alkalis, are compounds of hydrogen, a metal, and oxygen.

a. Oxides
b. Salts
c. Acids
d. Bases

Answer 11

The answer is d:

Bases

Question 12

A _____ is a stable, uniform mixture of two or more mixable substances that is made by dissolving a solid, liquid, or gaseous substance in another substance.

a. suspension
b. solvent
c. solution
d. solute

Answer 12

The answer is c:

Solution

Question 13

Which of the following allows oil and water to mix or emulsify by reducing surface tension?

a. surfactant
b. suspension
c. emulsion
d. solution

Answer 13

The answer is a:

Surfactant

Question 14

An example of a water-in-oil emulsion is _______.

a. calamine lotion
b. mayonnaise
c. witch hazel
d. cold cream

Answer 14

The answer is d:

Cold cream

Question 15

______ are examples of emulsions used in beauty services.

a. Powders
b. Shampoos and conditioners
c. Astringents
d. Soaps

Answer 15

The answer is b:

Shampoos and conditioners

Question 16

The tail of a surfactant molecule is _____, or oil loving.

a. miscible
b. immiscible
c. lipophilic
d. hydrophilic

Answer 16

The answer is c:

Lipophilic

Question 17

Nail polish, with glitter that can separate from the polish, is an example of a(n) ______:

a. emulsion
b. mixture
c. solution
d. suspension

Answer 17

The answer is d:

Suspension

Question 18

Water-in-oil emulsions feel _____ than oil-in-water emulsions.

a. greasier
b. hotter
c. wetter
d. colder

Answer 18

The answer is a:

Greasier

Question 19

_____ is the ingredient used to raise the pH in hair products to allow the solution to penetrate the hair shaft.

a. amino acid
b. ammonia
c. an alkaline solution
d. alpha hydroxy acid

Answer 19

The answer is b:

Ammonia

Question 20

Volatile organic compounds contain ______ and evaporate very easily.

a. carbon
b. hydrogen
c. oxygen
d. nitrogen

Answer 20

The answer is a:

Carbon

Question 21

_____ is the chemical reaction that combines a substance with oxygen to produce an oxide.

a. combustion
b. Ionization
c. reduction
d. oxidation

Answer 21

The answer is d:

Oxidation

Question 22

The pH scale is ______:

a. arithmetic
b. logarithmic
c. mathematic
d. linear

Answer 22

The answer is b:

Logarithmic

Question 23

A(n) ______ charged ion is called an anion.

a. positively
b. neutrally
c. negatively
d. naturally

Answer 23

The answer is c:

Negatively

Question 24

The pH scale measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in acidic and alkaline ____ solutions.

a. unstable
b. hydrogen peroxide
c. liquid
d. water-based

Answer 24

The answer is d:

Water-based

Question 25

What does a pH below 7 indicate? a. a logarithmic solution b. an alkaline solution c. an acidic solution d. a neutral solution

Answer 25

The answer is c: An acidic solution

Question 26

The letters pH denote _____, which is the relative degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance. a. potential hydrogen b. potential hydroxide c. partial hydrogen d. partially hydrophilic

Answer 26

The answer is a: Potential Hydrogen

Question 27

Nonaqueous solutions, such as alcohol or oil, do not have _____. a. mass b. pH c. their own distinct physical and chemical properties d. volume or shape

Answer 27

The answer is b: pH

Question 28

What is the average pH for hair and skin? a. 3.5 b. 5 c. 7.5 d. 9

Answer 28

The answer is b: 5

Question 29

Acidic solutions tend to _____ the hair. a. swell b. harden c. soften d. relax

Answer 29

The answer is b: Harden

Question 30

______ refers to either the loss of oxygen or the addition of hydrogen. a. application b. reduction c. reaction d. oxidation

Answer 30

The answer is b: Reduction

Question 31

When oxygen is combined with a substance, the substance is ____. a. oxidized b. reduced c. united d. blended

Answer 31

The answer is a: Oxidized

Question 32

Oxidation and reduction always occur simultaneously and are referred to as a(n) _____ reaction. a. rapid oxidation b. endothermic c. redox d. exothermic

Answer 32

The answer is c: Redox

Question 33

What type of chemical reaction requires the absorption of energy or heat from an external source for the reaction to actually occur? a. endothermic b. acid-alkali neutralization c. exothermic d. redox

Answer 33

The answer is a: Endothermic

Question 34

What type chemical reaction balanced pH and results in the production of water and a salt? a. endothermic b. acid-alkali neutralization c. exothermic d. redox

Answer 34

The answer is b: Acid-alkali neutralization

Question 35

The SDS contains ______ categories of information. a. 10 b. 12 c. 14 d. 16

Answer 35

The answer is d: 16

Question 36

On a Safety Data Sheet, what category would be include routes of exposure, related symptoms, and acute chronic effects? a. physical and chemical properties b. ecological information c. toxicology information d. stability and reactivity

Answer 36

The answer is c: Toxicology information

Question 37

As part of the SDS categories, first-aid measures include important symptoms/effects as well as ______. a. product use b. required treatment c. use restrictions d. containment and clean-up

Answer 37

The answer is b: Required treatment

Question 38

On Safety Data Sheets, emergency procedures, protective equipment, and proper methods of containment and cleanup are listed as _____. a. accidental release measures b. first-aid measures c. exposure controls/personal protection d. toxicology information

Answer 38

The answer is a: Accidental release measures

Question 39

As part of the SDS categories, handling and storage lists precautions for safe handling and storage, including _______. a. incompatibilities b. ingredients c. reactions d. identifiers

Answer 39

The answer is a: Incompatibilities

Question 40

The location you use for mixing chemicals must be ______. a. unlocked at all times b. well ventilated c. kept at 98 degrees Fahrenheit d. accessible only to managers

Answer 40

The answer is b: Well ventilated