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Esthetics > Foundations: Chemistry & Chemical Safety Exam Review > Flashcards

Foundations: Chemistry & Chemical Safety Exam Review Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is defined as anything that occupies space (volume) and has mass (weight)?

a. atoms
b. molecules
c. matter
d. elements

A

The answer is c:

Matter

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2
Q

There are 118 different elements known to science today. How many of these are naturally occurring on Earth?

a. 116
b. 98
c. 50
d. 76

A

The answer is b:

98

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3
Q

Which of the following are the basic building blocks of all matter?

a. electrons
b. protons
c. molecules
d. atoms

A

The answer is d:

Atoms

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4
Q

The letter H stands for the element ______:

a. Hydrogen
b. Hydroxide
c. Hydrophilic
d. Helium

A

The answer is a:

Hydrogen

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5
Q

An example of an elemental molecule is ______:

a. hydrogen peroxide
b. common table salt
c. water
d. the oxygen in air

A

The answer is d:

The oxygen in air

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6
Q

As the basic unit of matter, _____ cannot be divided into simpler substance by ordinary chemical means.

a. molecules
b. oxygen
c. atoms
d. water

A

The answer is c:

Atoms

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7
Q

Rusting iron and burning wood are examples of a change in what type of properties?

a. chemical
b. physical
c. mechanical
d. electrical

A

The answer is a:

Chemical

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8
Q

An example of a physical change is _____:

a. rusting iron
b. ice melting to water
c. burning wood
d. oxidation

A

The answer is b:

Ice melting to water

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9
Q

An example of a chemical change is _____:

a. water changing to ice
b. ice melting to water
c. the oxidation of hair color products
d. temporary hair color

A

The answer is c:

The oxidation of hair color products

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10
Q

Which of the following is an example of a pure substance?

a. concrete
b. salt
c. powder
d. salt water

A

The answer is b:

Salt

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11
Q

______, also known as alkalis, are compounds of hydrogen, a metal, and oxygen.

a. Oxides
b. Salts
c. Acids
d. Bases

A

The answer is d:

Bases

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12
Q

A _____ is a stable, uniform mixture of two or more mixable substances that is made by dissolving a solid, liquid, or gaseous substance in another substance.

a. suspension
b. solvent
c. solution
d. solute

A

The answer is c:

Solution

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13
Q

Which of the following allows oil and water to mix or emulsify by reducing surface tension?

a. surfactant
b. suspension
c. emulsion
d. solution

A

The answer is a:

Surfactant

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14
Q

An example of a water-in-oil emulsion is _______.

a. calamine lotion
b. mayonnaise
c. witch hazel
d. cold cream

A

The answer is d:

Cold cream

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15
Q

______ are examples of emulsions used in beauty services.

a. Powders
b. Shampoos and conditioners
c. Astringents
d. Soaps

A

The answer is b:

Shampoos and conditioners

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16
Q

The tail of a surfactant molecule is _____, or oil loving.

a. miscible
b. immiscible
c. lipophilic
d. hydrophilic

A

The answer is c:

Lipophilic

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17
Q

Nail polish, with glitter that can separate from the polish, is an example of a(n) ______:

a. emulsion
b. mixture
c. solution
d. suspension

A

The answer is d:

Suspension

18
Q

Water-in-oil emulsions feel _____ than oil-in-water emulsions.

a. greasier
b. hotter
c. wetter
d. colder

A

The answer is a:

Greasier

19
Q

_____ is the ingredient used to raise the pH in hair products to allow the solution to penetrate the hair shaft.

a. amino acid
b. ammonia
c. an alkaline solution
d. alpha hydroxy acid

A

The answer is b:

Ammonia

20
Q

Volatile organic compounds contain ______ and evaporate very easily.

a. carbon
b. hydrogen
c. oxygen
d. nitrogen

A

The answer is a:

Carbon

21
Q

_____ is the chemical reaction that combines a substance with oxygen to produce an oxide.

a. combustion
b. Ionization
c. reduction
d. oxidation

A

The answer is d:

Oxidation

22
Q

The pH scale is ______:

a. arithmetic
b. logarithmic
c. mathematic
d. linear

A

The answer is b:

Logarithmic

23
Q

A(n) ______ charged ion is called an anion.

a. positively
b. neutrally
c. negatively
d. naturally

A

The answer is c:

Negatively

24
Q

The pH scale measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in acidic and alkaline ____ solutions.

a. unstable
b. hydrogen peroxide
c. liquid
d. water-based

A

The answer is d:

Water-based

25
Q

What does a pH below 7 indicate?

a. a logarithmic solution
b. an alkaline solution
c. an acidic solution
d. a neutral solution

A

The answer is c:

An acidic solution

26
Q

The letters pH denote _____, which is the relative degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance.

a. potential hydrogen
b. potential hydroxide
c. partial hydrogen
d. partially hydrophilic

A

The answer is a:

Potential Hydrogen

27
Q

Nonaqueous solutions, such as alcohol or oil, do not have _____.

a. mass
b. pH
c. their own distinct physical and chemical properties
d. volume or shape

A

The answer is b:

pH

28
Q

What is the average pH for hair and skin?

a. 3.5
b. 5
c. 7.5
d. 9

A

The answer is b:

5

29
Q

Acidic solutions tend to _____ the hair.

a. swell
b. harden
c. soften
d. relax

A

The answer is b:

Harden

30
Q

______ refers to either the loss of oxygen or the addition of hydrogen.

a. application
b. reduction
c. reaction
d. oxidation

A

The answer is b:

Reduction

31
Q

When oxygen is combined with a substance, the substance is ____.

a. oxidized
b. reduced
c. united
d. blended

A

The answer is a:

Oxidized

32
Q

Oxidation and reduction always occur simultaneously and are referred to as a(n) _____ reaction.

a. rapid oxidation
b. endothermic
c. redox
d. exothermic

A

The answer is c:

Redox

33
Q

What type of chemical reaction requires the absorption of energy or heat from an external source for the reaction to actually occur?

a. endothermic
b. acid-alkali neutralization
c. exothermic
d. redox

A

The answer is a:

Endothermic

34
Q

What type chemical reaction balanced pH and results in the production of water and a salt?

a. endothermic
b. acid-alkali neutralization
c. exothermic
d. redox

A

The answer is b:

Acid-alkali neutralization

35
Q

The SDS contains ______ categories of information.

a. 10
b. 12
c. 14
d. 16

A

The answer is d:

16

36
Q

On a Safety Data Sheet, what category would be include routes of exposure, related symptoms, and acute chronic effects?

a. physical and chemical properties
b. ecological information
c. toxicology information
d. stability and reactivity

A

The answer is c:

Toxicology information

37
Q

As part of the SDS categories, first-aid measures include important symptoms/effects as well as ______.

a. product use
b. required treatment
c. use restrictions
d. containment and clean-up

A

The answer is b:

Required treatment

38
Q

On Safety Data Sheets, emergency procedures, protective equipment, and proper methods of containment and cleanup are listed as _____.

a. accidental release measures
b. first-aid measures
c. exposure controls/personal protection
d. toxicology information

A

The answer is a:

Accidental release measures

39
Q

As part of the SDS categories, handling and storage lists precautions for safe handling and storage, including _______.

a. incompatibilities
b. ingredients
c. reactions
d. identifiers

A

The answer is a:

Incompatibilities

40
Q

The location you use for mixing chemicals must be ______.

a. unlocked at all times
b. well ventilated
c. kept at 98 degrees Fahrenheit
d. accessible only to managers

A

The answer is b:

Well ventilated

Esthetics (18 decks)

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