Foundation in Biology Module 3.10 Protein synthesis

Question 1

In eukaryotic cells, where is DNA contained

Answer 1

The nuclear envelope

Question 2

Define transcription

Answer 2

The base sequences of genes are copied and transported to the site of protein synthesis ( production of shorter molecules of RNA0

Question 3

Process of Transcription:
1………….. unwinds and unzips DNA
Only one strand codes for protein to be synthesised. Free 2……………. will base pair with 3……………………. exposed on the antisense strand when DNA unzips. 4…………………….. form between the RNA nucleotides by 5………………Transcription ends at the end of the gene short strand of DNA formed called the 6…………………….It detaches from the DNA template and leaves the nucleus through the 7……………..DNA helix 8…………. The mRNA molecule travels to a 9……………in the cell cytoplasm

Answer 3

1. DNA helicase
2. RNA nucleotides
3. complementary bases
4. Phosphodiester bonds
5. RNA polymerase
6. messenger RNA - mRNA
7. nuclear pore
8. reforms
9. ribosome

Question 4

What are ribosomes composed of

Answer 4

• proteins
• ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Question 5

What is the process of Translation:
1…………. binds to the ribosome
2…………… holds mRNA in position while it is 3………………. in a sequence of amino acids
4……………. binds to complementary codon on mRNA following normal base pairing
5………… carry an amino acid corresponding with the codon. tRNA anticodons bind to 6………………….. along mRNA, amino acids are bought together in the correct sequence to form the 7………………….. of the protein

Answer 5

1. mRNA
2. ribosome
3. translated
4. Anticodons
5. tRNA molecules
6. complementary codons
7. primary structure

Question 6

Describe tRNA

Answer 6

strand of RNA folded in a way 3 bases( anticodons are at the end of the molecule)