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Esthetician > Foundation Chapter 6: Chemistry > Flashcards

Foundation Chapter 6: Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Any substance that occupies space and has mass(weight)

A

Matter

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2
Q

The science that deals with the composition, structures and properties of matter and how matter changes under different conditions

A

Chemistry

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3
Q

All matter has physical and chemical properties and exist in the form of a..

A

Solid liquid or gas

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4
Q

Is the simplest form of chemical matter and contains only one type of atom

A

Element

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5
Q

How many elements are noon to science today?

A

118

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6
Q

How many elements occur naturally on earth? 

A

98

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7
Q

Are the basic unit of matter, with a nucleus at the center surrounded by negatively charged electrons that move around the nucleus in orbits.

A

Atoms

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8
Q

What cannot be divided into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means?

A

Atoms

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9
Q

Is the chemical combination of two or more atoms in definite propositions

A

Molecule

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10
Q

A molecule containing two or more atoms of the same element

A

Elemental molecule

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11
Q

Are chemical combination of two or more atoms of different elements in definite (fixed) proposition

A

Compound molecules

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12
Q

Is a change in the form of physical properties of a substance without a chemical reaction

A

Physical change

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13
Q

Is a change in the chemical composition or make up of a substance

A

Chemical change

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14
Q

Is a physical combination of matter in any property; you have to keep mixing

A

Physical mixture

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15
Q

Is a stable uniform mixture of two or more substances

A

Solution

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16
Q

Is the substance that is dissolved in a solution

A

Solute

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17
Q

Is the substance that dissolves the solute and makes the solution

A

Solvent

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18
Q
  • The base of a solution is going to mostly be a…

- like..

A

Solvent

Like..water

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19
Q

Is known as the universal solvent because it has the ability to dissolve more substances than any other solvent

A

Water

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20
Q

Liquids are mutually soluble meaning they can be mixed together to form solutions; when mixed they stay together

A

Miscible

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21
Q

Liquids are not capable of being mixed together to form stable solutions

A

Immiscible

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22
Q

Are unstable physical mixtures of undissolved particles in a liquid

A

Suspensions

23
Q

Is an unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances

A

Emulsion

24
Q

Is an ingredient that brings to normally compatible materials together in bind them into a uniform and fairly stable mixture

A

Emulsifier

25
Q

Are substances that allow oil and water to mix or emulsify

A

Surfactants

26
Q
  • The head of the surfactant molecule is..

- Which likes…

A

Hydrophilic

Water

27
Q
  • The tail of the surfactant molecule is

- Which likes…

A

Lipophilic

Likes oil

28
Q

Refers to how prolonged, repeated or long-term exposure to certain product ingredients can cause sensitivity and some people

A

Overexposure

29
Q

PH is an abbreviation of

A

Potential hydrogen

30
Q

Is an atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge

A

Ion

31
Q

Is the separation of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions

A

Ionization

32
Q

Only products that contain this can have a pH

A

Water

33
Q

Is used to measure the acidity in alkalinity of substances. It has a range of 0 to 14

A

Ph scale

34
Q

A PH of__is a neutral solution

A

7

35
Q

A pH below seven indicates in…

A

Acidic solution

36
Q

A pH above seven indicates an

A

Alkaline solution

37
Q

Because the pH scale is a________scale a change of one whole number represents a_______change in PH.

A

Logarithmic

Tenfold

38
Q

A colorless liquid or white crystals with a strong unpleasant odor that is used in permanent waving solution.

A

Thioglycolic acid

39
Q

Is an alpha hydroxy asset used in exfoliation and solar the pH of products

A

Glycolic Acid

40
Q

Also known as bases, owe their chemical reactivity to the hydroxide ion.

A

Alkalis

41
Q

Commonly known as lye, is a very strong alkali used in chemical hair relaxers, callous softeners, and drain cleaners

A

Sodium hydroxide

42
Q

Occurs when an acid is mixed with an alkali In equal proportions, balancing the total PH and forming water and salt

A

Acid-Alkali neutralization reaction

43
Q

Also known as a redox; is a chemical reaction in which oxidization and re-duction take place at the same time

A

Oxidization-reduction

44
Q

Is a substance that releases oxygen

A

Oxidizing agent

45
Q

Is the substance that adds hydrogen to a chemical compound or subtracts oxygen from the compound

A

Reducing agent

46
Q

Manufactures of chemicals that are registered with either the___or___ are held to strict standards for their labels

A

EPA

FDA

47
Q

It is vital that you always follow label instructions to avoid

A

Dangerous and painful situations

48
Q

Meaning that they should not be mixed or even store near each other

A

Incompatible

49
Q

Because many of these chemicals become more dangerous as they decompose____ or ___ used container should not be transported at all

A

Opened

Partially

50
Q

When storing chemicals next to each other it is critical to know how the two would….

A

React if they somehow came into contact with each other

51
Q

Requires employees be notified of any chemical in the workplace that could be hazardous

A

The OSHA hazard communication standard

52
Q

Is a substance that causes or is believed to cause cancer

A

Carcinogen

53
Q

Material is capable of igniting and burning

A

Combustible

Esthetician (18 decks)

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