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Esthetician > Chapter 3: Physiology/Histology > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Physiology/Histology Flashcards

1
Q

The study of the functions and activities performed by the body structures including physical and chemical processes

A

Physiology

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2
Q

The largest organ in the body

A

Skin or integumentary system

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3
Q

Appendages of the skin include…

A

Hair
nails
sweat glands
oil glands

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4
Q

Is a barrier that protects against harmful chemicals and bacteria preventing infection

A

Skin

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5
Q

Are most abundant in the fingertips and are designed to be one of the most sensitive parts of the body

A

Sensory nerve fibers

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6
Q

Is a thin yet strong protective barrier to outside elements in microorganisms

A

 The skin

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7
Q

Has an average pH of 5.5

A

Acid mantle

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8
Q

Sensory nerve fibers are most abundant in the

A

 fingertips

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9
Q

It’s part of the skins natural barrier function

A

Acid mantle

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10
Q

The water loss caused by evaporation on the skin surface

A

Transepidermal water loss(TEWL)

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11
Q

The body’s average internal thermostat is set at..

A

98.6°F/ 37°C

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12
Q

Also known as sweat glands; excrete perspiration

A

Sudoriferous Glands

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13
Q

Is the skins mechanism that protects us from irritation and intercellular transepidermal water loss

A

Barrier function

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14
Q

Is an oily substance that protects the surface of the skin and lubricate both the skin and hair

A

 sebum

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15
Q

Inflammation of hair follicles

A

Folliculitis

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16
Q

Is composed of loose connection tissue or subcutis tissue

A

Subcutaneous Layer

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17
Q

Is 25 times thicker than the epidermidis

A

Dermis

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18
Q

The denser and deeper layer of the dermis and is comprised meaning of collagen and elastin

A

Reticular Layer

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19
Q

Also known as hypodermis are superficial fascia

A

Subcutaneous Layer

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20
Q

Also known as adipose tissue

A

Subcutis Tissue

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21
Q

Connects the dermis to the epidermis

A

Papillary layer

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22
Q

Is the fibrous protein that forms elastic tissue and gives skin its elasticity

A

Elastin

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23
Q

Not beyond the DEJ means

A

The aesthetician cannot treat the skin beyond the epidermis

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24
Q

Is the outer most layer of the skin

A

Epidermis

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25
Q

Estheticians’ scope of practice references working on the epidermis, not the dermis unless…

A

They are working under the direction of a physician or other licensed medical practitioner such as a nurse practitioner, naturopathic physician, or physician assistant.

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26
Q

About 95% of the epidermis is made up

A

Keratinocytes

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27
Q

In this active layer, stem cells undergo continuous cell division to replenish the skin cells that are regularly shed from the surface

A

Stratum Germinativum

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28
Q

The stratum germinativum also contains..

A

Melanocytes

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29
Q

Keratin and intercellular lipids are formed in the

A

Stratum Granulosum

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30
Q

Is a thin clear layer of dead skin cells under the stratum corneum

A

Stratum Lucidum

31
Q

Keratinocytes are continually shed from the skin in a process called..

A

Desquamation

32
Q

The average adult cell turnover rate is every

A

28 days depending on age, lifestyle, and health

33
Q

The production of keratin and intracellular lipids also takes place here

A

Stratum Granulosum

34
Q

Differences in genetic skin color are due to…

A

The amount of melanin activated in the skin and the way it is distributed

35
Q

These individuals have more activity in their melanocytes

A

Individuals with darker skin and melanin

36
Q

Is the enzyme that stimulates melanocytes and thus produces melanin

A

Tyrosinase

37
Q

Products that suppress melanin production by interrupting biochemical processes are referred to

A

Tyrosinase Inhibitors

38
Q

Is the technical term for nail

A

Onyx

39
Q

How long does it take a fingernail to fully grow out

A

4 to 6 months

40
Q

Cord like bundles of fibers made up of neurons through which sensory stimuli and motor impulses pass between the brain or other parts of the central nervous system and the eyes, glands, muscles, and other parts of the body

A

Nerves

41
Q

There are two types of nerves;

A

Motor and sensory

42
Q

Nerve fibers send messages to this system to tell the brain to react to heat and cold

A

Central nervous system

43
Q

Motor nerve fibers stimulate muscles such as the…

A

Arrector Pili Muscles

44
Q

Motor nerves attached to the sweat or oil glands

A

Secretory Nerve Fibers

45
Q

These nerve fibers send messages to the central nervous system and brain to react to heat cold pain pressure in touch

A

Sensory or efferent(motor)

46
Q

Contains two types of duct glands each producing different substances. 

A

Dermis

47
Q

Secrete oil while the sudoriferous glands excrete sweat

A

Sebaceous Glands

48
Q

They regulate excretion from the sweat glands and control sebum output to the surface of the skin

A

Secretory nerve fibers

49
Q

Excess fluid loss can result in the loss of

A

Electrolytes

50
Q

The excretion of sweat is controlled by the…

A

Nervous system

51
Q

Are most active during emotional changes

A

Apocrine glands

52
Q

Glands that are larger on the face and scout then on the rest of the body

A

Sebaceous glands

53
Q

A loss of this can lead to dehydration in the body

A

Electrolytes

54
Q

It’s sensitive to adrenaline so sweating can occur during times of anxiety stress fear sexual arousal and pain

A

Apocrine function

55
Q

In order to survive cells need these important elements:

A

Nourishment, protection and the ability to function properly through respiration, circulation, elimination of wastes, and continual replacement or proliferation.

56
Q

Play an important role in the immune system by attacking virus infected cells foreign cells and cancer cells

A

T cells

57
Q

Ingredients that stimulate skin cell turnover and reduce visible signs of aging

A

Vitamin A
Aha (alphahydroxy acids)
alpha lipoic acid
and other growth factors

58
Q

What has the greatest impact on how our skin ages?

A

The sun and UV electromagnetic radiation

59
Q

Gets their name from the thymus gland where they mature..

A

T cells

60
Q

What percentage of our aging is caused by sun exposure?

A

80 to 85%

61
Q

Also known as burning rays causing burning of the skin as well as tanning aging and cancer. 

A

UVB radiation

62
Q

is a critical process in a complex task that is necessary for cells to survive

A

The prevention of free radical formation

63
Q

Examples of antioxidants: 

A

Proteins
enzymes
vitamins
metabolites 

64
Q

Elevation in blood sugar 

A

Glycation

65
Q

As estrogen is depleted, skin…

A

Begins to lose its tone

66
Q

Often suggested to balance estrogen for women experiencing menopause

A

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

67
Q

Lipids are protective oils and are part of the…..between epidermal cells

A

Intercellular matrix

68
Q

This will remove and deplete lipids.

A

Exfoliation

69
Q

Mitosis occurs in the stratum

A

Germinativum

70
Q

Squamous cells are…

A

flat, scaly cells

71
Q

Skin is thickest on the

A

Palms

72
Q

Which cells in the basal layer produce pigment granules?

A

Melanocytes

73
Q

Nerves are made up of

A

Neurons

74
Q

Eccrine glands openings connect____instead of pore openings.

A

Oil glands

Esthetician (18 decks)

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