Chapter 2: Anatomy And Physiology Flashcards
Estheticians should study and have a thorough understanding of anatomy and physiology because:
understand the effect that services will have on tissues, organs and body systems
Cells are made up of a colorless, jellylike substance called:
Protoplasm
The principle parts of a cell includes:
Nucleus, organelles, cell membrane.
Found in the center of the cell, and plays an important part in cell reproduction and metabolism is the:
Nucleus
Within the nucleus of a cell there is a fluid that contains proteins and a very important acid known as: 
DNA
The process in which cells reproduce by dividing into two identical cells called daughter cells:
Mitosis
Cells will continue to grow and thrive As long as conditions are favorable such as:
suitable temperature, ability to eliminate waste and products, adequate supply of nutrients, oxygen, and water.
Chemical process that body cells convert nutrients to energy so that the cell can function.
Metabolism
Fat or Adipose tissue gives:
Gives smoothness and contour to the body.
Is a collection of similar cells that perform a particular function
Tissue
Protective lining on the body and surfaces such as skin mucous membrane lining of the heart digestive and respiratory organs and glands:
Epithelial Tissue
Tissues that carry messages to and from the brain; control and coordinate all bodily function:
Nerve Tissue
Connective tissues….
Support
Protect
Bind together other tissues of the body
A collection of tissues that have an identifiable structure and that perform specific functions
Organs
Groups of organs that cooperate for a common purpose made not the welfare of the entire body is: 
Body Systems
The integumentary system is made up of:
Skin and it’s various accessory organs
The skeletal system is Comprised of
bones
How would you describe the circulatory system?
Controls the blood supply
The stomach and intestines are part of the:
Digestive System
The cranium is made up of:
8 bones
What bone forms the forehead?
Frontal Bone
Bones the form the sides and top of the cranium
Parietal Bones
Bones that form the sides of the head in the ear region
Temporal bones
Bones that Form the upper jaw
Maxillae Bones
Strongest bone of the face:
mandible
Forms the back of the skull:
Occipital Bone
Uppermost and Largest bone in your arm:
Humerus
3 parts of a muscle:
Origin
Belly
Insertion
Muscle that enables you the close your eyes:
Orbicularis Oculi
One of muscles in the jaw used for chewing is:
Masseter
The muscle that draws the eyebrows down and wrinkles the forehead vertically: 
Corrugator(KOR-uh-gayt-or)
Is a broad muscle extending from the chest and shoulder muscles to the side of the chin. it is responsible for lowering the lower jaw and lip
Platysma(plah-TIZ-muh)
The muscle extending along side of the neck from the air to the collarbone. It ask to rotate the head from side to side and up and down.
Sternocleidomastoid(STUR-noh-KLY-doh-MAS-toyd)
A large, triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint that allows the arm to extend outward into the side of the body:
Deltoid
Muscles produce the contour of the front and inner side of the upper arm ; they lift the forearm, flex the elbow, and turn the palms outward.
Biceps
Muscle that turns the hand outwards and the palm upwards:
Supinators
Muscles the straightens the wrist and fingers:
Extensors
Muscles the draw and body part away from the midline of the body; separating the fingers:
Abductors
Muscle that involves bending or flexing the wrist
Flexors
Which part of the nervous system controls consciousness and many mental activities?
Central Nervous System
Estheticians are primarily not concerned about this nerve:
The 8th nerve
Which system carries oxygenated from the heart throughout the body and back to the heart again?
Systemic
The blood is made out of:
red and white bloods cells, platelets and plasma.
The system that protects the body from disease is?
Immune/lymphatic system
The most complex organ of the endocrine system:
Pituitary Gland
Secretes enzyme-producing cells that are responsible for digesting carbohydrates proteins and fats
Pancreas
What is part of the female reproductive system?
Ovaries
Fallopian tubes
uterus
vagina
Which hormone is dominate in males?
Testosterone
Spongy tissues that exchanges air for carbon dioxide:
Lungs
A part of the breathing cycle the pumps oxygen to the blood
Inhalation
The act of moving food along the digestive tract
Peristalsis
Responsible for eliminating waste from the body
Excretory System
The skin purifies the body by:
Eliminating salt and minerals through perspiration.
This organ discharges bile which breaks down digestive fat:
Liver
Study of structures of the human body
Anatomy
Study of the structure and composition of tissue:
Histology
The study of the functions or activities Performed by the body structures:
Physiology
Body system comprised of the largest organ of the body
Integumentary
Body system to form the foundation of the body
Skeletal System
When performing treatment you need to know which system controls the muscle movements on the face: 
Nervous System
System that can pass on our genetics from one generation to the other:
Reproductive System
Study of the structure, function, and pathology of the nervous system:
Neurology
Subdivisions of the nervous system that controls your five senses:
Central Nervous System
The system that has both sensory and motor nerves and carries messages to and from the central nervous system:
Peripheral Nervous System
System that regulates muscles, responsible for respiration and the heart beating
Autonomic Nervous System
Largest and most complex mass of nerve tissue in the body:
Brain
Nerve endings on sensory nerves:
Receptors
What is true about reflexes:
They are automatic
What would not be found in the 5th cranial nerve?
Buccal Nerve
Another name for the 7th cranial nerve:
Facial nerve
Where would you find the posterior auricular nerve?
7th cranial nerve
Behind the ear at the base of the skull
Cervical nerves originate in the…
Spinal cord
Which nerve affects the little finger side of the arm and the palm of the hand?
Ulnar Nerve
Nerve that can trigger sudden drop in blood pressure:
Vagus Nerve
Blood vessels that connect the smaller arteries to venules:
Capillaries
Largest artery in the body:
Aorta
What do veins do?
Take waste products back to the heart and lungs for cleaning.
What is not true about blood?
It eliminates
Platelets are used to:
Contribute to the blood clotting process
Main source of blood supply to the head, face and neck?
Common Carotid Arteries
As an esthetician understand vessel locations can help you avoid:
Bruising during a treatment
What does the liver do?
Secretes enzymes necessary for digestion.
Fights infects and detoxifies the blood:
Spleen
Not a function of the lymphatic system:
Carries fluid waste and impurities for the cell
Chief sensory nerve of the face, and it serves as the motor nerve of the muscles that control chewing.
Fifth Cranial Nerve
A reflex is a:
Automatic nerve reaction
