Forms Flashcards
Day formation taxi interval
Staggered from taxiway centerline
150’
Day formation taxi interval
On centerline
300’
Maximum 90 degree crosswind component for SNA solos
10 kts
What are the external store limitations for a section takeoff?
Only with similar external store configuration and fuel state within 500 lbs. Dissimilar pylon configuration is permissible, but pylons may not be loaded with external ordnance or empty bomb rack(s)
What is the dry runway crosswind limitation for a section takeoff?
No more than 10 kts of crosswind
What is the minimum runway dimension for a section takeoff?
8,000’x150’
What is the minimum interval for a multi-plane takeoff?
7 seconds
Longer if directional control is an issue
What is the minimum runway width for one or two aircraft on the runway?
100’
What is the minimum runway width for three aircraft on the runway?
150’
What is the minimum runway width for four aircraft on the runway?
200’
On which side does the lead aircraft line up on for all multi-plane interval launches?
Downwind side
During an abort, what does the word “clear” mean?
The first aborting aircraft may move to runway centerline and lower the hook for a long field arrestment
During an abort, if the word “clear” is not heard, what does that mean?
The pilot is obligated to pass up the long field gear and remain on the assigned side of the runway
Per SOP, are sympathetic abort allowed during a section takeoff?
No
What is the configuration for section practice approaches?
- Half-flaps
- 150 KIAS
During a section approach on final, when shall the wingman be detached?
- No later than circling minimums
- The wingman shall (with clearance from trunk IP), immediately extend to full flaps and slow to on-speed
What is standard break interval at the field?
4 seconds
In the formation, what position does the NORDO aircraft take?
Wing, conduct a lead change if necessary
If an aircraft loses radio communication after the flight is joined, what must the aircraft do?
- Remain in parade
- Communicate status via hand signals
- NORDO aircraft may attempt to go acute to get lead’s attention
If unable to determine whether NORDO aircraft requires a straight-in approach or if a potential for penetration into IMC exists, what should the NORDO aircraft be lead back to?
Section straight-in approach
If VMC can be maintained and the NORDO aircraft is not experiencing any form of malfunction, what kind of recovery may be conducted?
Visual recovery to the overhead break
What is the procedure for a visual recovery via overhead break with a NORDO aircraft?
- Lead will inform tower wing is NORDO
- Normal 4-second break interval
- Lead will request the option on the runway NORDO aircraft is cleared to
- Lead will request a steady green light for wing
- If lead waves off, wing will as well
- Lead will remain in the pattern until wing lands
If the NORDO aircraft is experiencing an emergency that will require a short field arrestment, how shall wing communicate that?
Lowering the hook
If an IFR recovery is required (or at night), how will lead recover the NORDO aircraft?
Via section instrument approach
What is the NORDO section approach configuration?
- Half-flaps
- Configure to full-flaps when the section is detached
During a section NORDO approach, what is lead’s signal that the NORDO wingman is cleared to land?
Lead:
- Point to runway
- Pat the dash
- Smartly break away from wingman
- Retract speed brakes
- Climb to pattern altitude and maintain 150 KIAS
Formation flight through IMC is limited to how many aircraft?
2
Who is responsible for collision avoidance when the formation is in IMC?
Wing
What must wing transmit if the wingman loses sight of lead due to inadvertent IMC?
“blind”
If the wingman loses sight of lead during IMC conditions in a climb or descent, what must wing do?
- Level off
- Coordinate altitude separation from the lead
If wingman loses sight of lead during IMC conditions in straight an level flight, what must wing do?
- Wing shall take a 30 degree cut away from lead’s heading
- Coordinate altitude separation from the lead
If wingman loses sight of lead during IMC conditions in a turn away from the wingman, what does wing do?
- Level the wings
- Coordinate altitude separation from the lead
If wingman loses sight of lead during IMC condition in a turn into the wingman, what does wing do?
- Lead shall level the wings
- Wingman continues the turn to 30 degrees past the heading
- Coordinate altitude separation from the lead
During lost sight, what must be confirmed over the radio?
- Altitude
- Heading separation
- Instructions to rejoin
If wing loses sight of lead, what is lead responsible for?
- Remaining predictable
- Calling base heading and altitude after initial separation
If the NORDO aircraft has lost sight of lead, what does the NORDO aircraft do?
- Attempt to get VMC
- Proceed to the lost communications/lost sight rendezvous point (or as briefed)
What is the procedure if a mid-air collision has occured?
- Aircraft will maintain visual separation from other aircraft
- Altitude and heading separation will be coordinated on the radio
- Involved aircraft will not rejoin the flight
- Aircraft shall perform controllability checks per NATOPS
What are the two types of lead?
- Flight lead
- Formation lead
What are the responsibilities of the flight lead?
- Conduct safe and orderly flight
- May fly as either lead or wingman
What are the responsibilities of the formation lead?
- Immediate conduct of flight
- Staying clear of traffic
- Weather avoidance
- Remaining within the briefed operation area
- Performing smooth/consistent changes in power and heading
- Being considerate of wingman
What are the responsibilities of wing?
- Maintain position off the lead
- Knowing procedures for the mission
- Maintain situational awareness
- Be prepared to assume lead at any time
What are the keys to successful formation flying?
- Relax
- Keep the aircraft trimmed
- Scan the lead’s entire aircraft
- 3 point power corrections
What controls nose-to-tail distance?
Power
What controls stepdown?
Pitch
What controls wingtip seperation?
AOB control
If lead turns into your position, what power correction is required?
Reduce power
If lead turns away from your position, what power correction is required?
Increase power
If you are in doubt of the correct frequency in use, what can you request over the TAC frequency?
“Get well”
In marshal, where should the wing park?
On the side of lead that prevents lead from sweeping his wingman with the tailpipe
What is the purpose of the 150’ nose-to-tail separation during taxi?
- In case there is any FOD
- In case of possible brake failure
What is the distance between each blue taxiway light?
50 yards or 150 ft (far taxi distance)
If the taxiway is in poor condition or there is a high potential for FOD, how should the formation taxi?
- On centerline
- 300’ nose-to-tail separtation
Which side of the runway does lead taxi onto?
- Left side if there is no wind
- Downwind side if there is wind
What is the visual checklist when preparing to takeoff?
- Fluid pooling beneath aircraft? (No)
- Tires properly inflated? (Yes)
- Nosewheel straight? (Yes)
- Launch bar up? (Yes)
- Safety pins out? (Yes)
- Flaps/slats set properly? (Yes)
- Doors and panels secure? (Yes)
- Stabilator? (Yes)
- Boarding steps stowed? (Yes)
- Canopy down? (Yes)
What is the interval for an interval takeoff?
7 seconds
What is the purpose of an interval takeoff?
- Allows for aircraft separation during the roll
- Prevents dual high speed abort situation
- Allows for the wingman to safely abort behind the lead aircraft and stop prior to the long field arresting gear
If wing aborts during an interval takeoff, when may wing take runway centerline?
Once lead is safely airborne
When may a sympathetic abort be executed?
Any time the lead aircraft aborts and the wingman is able to safely abort behind him
What is the max airspeed for a sympathetic abort?
- 100 KIAS
- Wingman will takeoff if the airspeed is greater than 100
If lead aborts, when can lead take the long field arresting gear?
Only when wing verbally clears lead to do so. Otherwise lead will have to pass up the gear
What are the advantages of a section takeoff?
- If a flight has to join up quickly after takeoff
- If poor weather conditions prevail
- Hostile encounter is expected, section takeoff provides mutual support
When are section takeoffs not authorized?
- Wet runway
- Max crosswind exceeds SOP/NATOPS
- Minimum runway dimensions are not met
- Aircraft have different external configuration
During a section takeoff, when does the flight simultaneously release brakes?
Lead’s arm drops below the canopy
If wing wants lead to increase power during a section takeoff, what should wing transmit?
“[Lead call sign], power”
If wing wants lead to decrease power during a section takeoff, what should wing transmit?
“[Lead call sign]. give me a couple”
During a section takeoff, what is the signal to retract gear and flaps/slats?
- Lead will nod his head forward, then sharply back
- Once lead’s head touches the headrest, both pilots raise gear and flaps
- Wing must acknowledge both aircraft are gear/flaps/slats up
Why is an early liftoff during a section takeoff less than ideal?
- Low altitude
- Step up on lead
- Difficulty in keeping sight
During a section takeoff, if wing has an early liftoff, what should wing do?
- Stabilize bearing
- Maintain separation
- Relax back stick pressure to reduce rate of climb (do not descend)
What are the three types of rendezvous’ on departure?
- Running rendezvous
- CV rendezvous
- TACAN rendezvous
During a CV rendezvous, what is the maximum amount of closure when within 1,000’?
10 kts
How do throttle movements in a climb effect closure?
- Throttle decreases-large effect on closure
- Throttle increases-small effect on closure
During a CV rendezvous, when does wing begin the joinup?
100ft or 3 wingspans away
What is the purpose of a running rendezvous?
Join a flight while proceeding on course
How is closure indicated in a running rendezvous?
Lead’s movement across the canopy
Why is it dangerous to do a running rendezvous directly behind an aircraft?
Closure is difficult to see
During the running rendezvous, how much abeam distance must you maintain?
- 250-300’ (8-10 wingspans)
- Lead will be just outside the HUD
What is the maximum amount of closure during a running rendezvous?
50 kts
During the running rendezvous, what should wing maintain to avoid getting to close to lead?
Assigned heading after initial abeam distance is established
During the running rendezvous, what should the movement of lead be at 2,000’?
Lead will begin to move aft of the canopy from the 11/1 o’clock position
During the running rendezvous, what is the maximum amount of closure at the 1,000’ mark?
25 kts
When wing arrives on bearing line during a running rendezvous, what is the maximum amount of closure?
15 kts
During a running rendezvous, when can wing traverse to the parade position?
Once stabilized on bearing line
What is the normal direction for a TACAN rendezvous?
Left-hand turns
At what altitude will wing be at during a TACAN rendezvous?
500’ below lead
When can wing ascend to lead’s altitude during a TACAN rendezvous?
- Established on bearing line
- With relative fuselage alignment
What is relative fuselage alignment?
Lead’s aircraft is just above the side canopy rail and just aft of the canopy bow
When wing sees lead during the TACAN rendezvous and knows he will not go out of sight, what does wing call?
“Visual”
What is the post?
Center of the TACAN rendezvous circle
What is the purpose of maneuvering the aircraft to the 10/2 position during the TACAN rendezvous?
- Close the distance to lead
- Work off angles to align the fuselage
What are the advantages to the parade formation?
- Provides good visual communication between aircraft
- Presents professional military appearance
What are the disadvantages to the parade formation?
- The formation is less maneuverable
- The wingman is constantly adjusting power resulting in fatigue and higher fuel consumption
- Restricts wingman’s lookout doctrine
How much stepdown must wing maintain in the parade position?
5’
How much lateral separation must wing maintain in the parade position?
3’
What are the indications that wing is in the parade position?
- You can see down the leading edge of lead’s wing
- Estimating stepdown be seeing equal portions of the top and bottom of wing
- Aligning leading corner of stabilator tip cap with exposed portion of exhaust nozzle
How do you know that you have appropriate wingtip separation in the parade position?
the leading corner of the stabilator cap is aligned with the exposed portion of exhaust nozzle
How do you maintain wingtip separation in the parade position?
AOB
How do you control step down in the parade position?
Pitch
How do you maintain the 30-degree bearing line in the parade position?
Power
During a turn into the wing, what happens if the power is not reduced?
Wing will get acute
During a turn away from the wing, what happens if the power is not increased?
Wing will get sucked
In a tun into the wing, about what axis does wing turn?
Lead’s longitudinal axis
In a VFR parade turn away from wing, about what axis does wing turn?
Wing’s own longitudinal axis
What is the visual checkpoint for a VFR parade turn away from wing?
Triangle with lead’s center canopy bow, canopy rail, and leading edge of wing
In a IFR parade turn away from wing, about what axis does wing turn?
Lead’s longitudinal axis
How is the VFR parade turn away power addition different from the IFR parade turn away power addition?
IFR parade turn away requires a larger power increase
How much nose-to-tail separation do you want for the crossunder?
10’
How much vertical separation do you want for the crossunder?
15’
What is a good visual cue that you have enough nose-to-tail separation in the crossunder?
Move back until you see the leading edge of the horizontal stabilator
What is a good visual cue that you have enough vertical separation for the crossunder?
Place the front portion of the MDC cord on the underside of lead’s intake
What is the interval to break for the break up an rendezvous?
2 seconds
During the initial breakup in the breakup and rendezvous, how much separation do you maintain?
1,000’ or 0.2 on the TACAN A/A
To increase nose-to-tail distance during the breakup of a B/R, what do you do?
Place nose in front of lead (lead pursuit)
To decrease nose-to-tail distance during the breakup of a B/R, what do you do?
Place nose behind lead (lag pursuit)
If the wing rolled out too close or too far during the break portion of the B/R, should wing adjust power to maintain a 1,000’ trail?
- No
- Focus on maintaining airspeed
Why should wing initially roll out stepped up on lead during the B/R?
To avoid jetwash
How much initial step up do you want during the B/R?
20’-40’
During the rendezvous portion of the B/R, how much closure should wing establish initially?
10 kts (or less)
How does wing maintain altitude during the rendezvous portion of the B/R?
- Place lead on the horizon
- If the horizon is not defined, look at HUD altimeter to match lead’s altitude
How is bearing line achieved during the rendezvous portion of the B/R?
When the front tip of the vertical stabilizer meets and covers the lead’s outside wingtip
To avoid getting acute when initially heading out to bearing line on the B/R, what should wing do?
- Anticipate bearing line by shallowing AOB and reducing power to stop the aircraft
- Begin when the vertical stabilizer is halfway up lead’s outside wing
What is the visual reference that wing is acute during the B/R?
Lead’s outboard wingtip is forward of the vertical stabilizer
What is the visual reference that wing is sucked during the B/R?
The lead’s wingtip will appear behind the vertical stabilizer
What does it mean when lead’s aircraft is sliding aft of the canopy during the B/R?
- Wing is getting acute
- Decrease angle of bank and reduce power
What does it mean when lead’s aircraft is sliding forward of the canopy during the B/R?
- Wing is getting sucked
- Increase angle of bank and add power
What is the max closure rate during the B/R?
10 kts
When will wing begin the join-up during the B/R?
100’ away or 3 wingspans (The VT-# sign is visible)
How much stepdown will wing establish during the join-up of the B/R?
15’
When conducting the join up, during the B/R, how do throttle movements affect the closure rate?
- Any small throttle movements will produce an immediate effect on closure rate
- Keep power at rendezvous airspeed
What happens when wing leaves the bearing line too soon during the B/R join-up?
Wing will have too much nose-to-tail separation
What situations dictate an underrun?
- Uncontrolled closure near or in the join-up phase of the rendezvous
- Wingman is extremely acute and unable to return safely to proper bearing prior to join-up
What are the underrun procedures?
Lower, level, idle, boards, pass below and behind, and up to the perch. Transmit when able
How much vertical separation do you want to maintain when up on the perch for the underrun?
200’
After an underrun, what does wing do when cleared to rejoin the flight?
- Move below and behind lead to the 30 degree rendezvous bearing on inside of turn
- Execute join-up
During a lead change, how much lateral separation will the new wingman initially establish?
10’ of wingtip clearance
During a lead change, how much step down will the new wingman establish after proper vertical separation has been established?
5’
What is the break interval?
4 seconds
If lead inadvertently enters IFR, what will the flight do?
- Wing will maintain proper parade position
- Lead will determine the best way to exit the cloud
- Lead may need to reverse his heading in a shallow turn
What is the first consideration in a midair collision?
Regain control
If a midair collision has occurred, what do you do if the aircraft is out of control?
Follow NATOPS ejection criteria
If a midair collision has occurred, what do you do if the aircraft is controllable?
- Slow flight the aircraft at altitude following NATOPS procedures
- Make shallow turns in both directions to determine landing characteristics
- Damaged aircraft must decide if a safe landing can be made
- Return home or nearest suitable field
- Inform controlling agency
What is the hierarchy for who coordinates a Search and Rescue?
- Senior instructor in the flight
- Any instructor in the area with both the crash scene and remaining members of the flight in sight
- The senior student in the flight
- Any airborne, winged aviator identifying himself as senior
What will the on-scene commander report on guard/do?
- “Mayday, Mayday, Mayday [call sign]”
- Position (TACAN and geographical)
- Explain emergency and request assistance
- Use on-scene commander checklist in in-flight guide
When will the on-scene commander return to base?
Whenever BINGO fuel has been reached
