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T-45 > Forms > Flashcards

Forms Flashcards

1
Q

Day formation taxi interval

Staggered from taxiway centerline

A

150’

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2
Q

Day formation taxi interval

On centerline

A

300’

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3
Q

Maximum 90 degree crosswind component for SNA solos

A

10 kts

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4
Q

What are the external store limitations for a section takeoff?

A

Only with similar external store configuration and fuel state within 500 lbs. Dissimilar pylon configuration is permissible, but pylons may not be loaded with external ordnance or empty bomb rack(s)

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5
Q

What is the dry runway crosswind limitation for a section takeoff?

A

No more than 10 kts of crosswind

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6
Q

What is the minimum runway dimension for a section takeoff?

A

8,000’x150’

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7
Q

What is the minimum interval for a multi-plane takeoff?

A

7 seconds

Longer if directional control is an issue

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8
Q

What is the minimum runway width for one or two aircraft on the runway?

A

100’

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9
Q

What is the minimum runway width for three aircraft on the runway?

A

150’

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10
Q

What is the minimum runway width for four aircraft on the runway?

A

200’

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11
Q

On which side does the lead aircraft line up on for all multi-plane interval launches?

A

Downwind side

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12
Q

During an abort, what does the word “clear” mean?

A

The first aborting aircraft may move to runway centerline and lower the hook for a long field arrestment

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13
Q

During an abort, if the word “clear” is not heard, what does that mean?

A

The pilot is obligated to pass up the long field gear and remain on the assigned side of the runway

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14
Q

Per SOP, are sympathetic abort allowed during a section takeoff?

A

No

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15
Q

What is the configuration for section practice approaches?

A
  • Half-flaps

- 150 KIAS

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16
Q

During a section approach on final, when shall the wingman be detached?

A
  • No later than circling minimums

- The wingman shall (with clearance from trunk IP), immediately extend to full flaps and slow to on-speed

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17
Q

What is standard break interval at the field?

A

4 seconds

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18
Q

In the formation, what position does the NORDO aircraft take?

A

Wing, conduct a lead change if necessary

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19
Q

If an aircraft loses radio communication after the flight is joined, what must the aircraft do?

A
  • Remain in parade
  • Communicate status via hand signals
  • NORDO aircraft may attempt to go acute to get lead’s attention
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20
Q

If unable to determine whether NORDO aircraft requires a straight-in approach or if a potential for penetration into IMC exists, what should the NORDO aircraft be lead back to?

A

Section straight-in approach

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21
Q

If VMC can be maintained and the NORDO aircraft is not experiencing any form of malfunction, what kind of recovery may be conducted?

A

Visual recovery to the overhead break

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22
Q

What is the procedure for a visual recovery via overhead break with a NORDO aircraft?

A
  • Lead will inform tower wing is NORDO
  • Normal 4-second break interval
  • Lead will request the option on the runway NORDO aircraft is cleared to
  • Lead will request a steady green light for wing
  • If lead waves off, wing will as well
  • Lead will remain in the pattern until wing lands
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23
Q

If the NORDO aircraft is experiencing an emergency that will require a short field arrestment, how shall wing communicate that?

A

Lowering the hook

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24
Q

If an IFR recovery is required (or at night), how will lead recover the NORDO aircraft?

A

Via section instrument approach

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25
Q

What is the NORDO section approach configuration?

A
  • Half-flaps

- Configure to full-flaps when the section is detached

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26
Q

During a section NORDO approach, what is lead’s signal that the NORDO wingman is cleared to land?

A

Lead:

  • Point to runway
  • Pat the dash
  • Smartly break away from wingman
  • Retract speed brakes
  • Climb to pattern altitude and maintain 150 KIAS
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27
Q

Formation flight through IMC is limited to how many aircraft?

A

2

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28
Q

Who is responsible for collision avoidance when the formation is in IMC?

A

Wing

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29
Q

What must wing transmit if the wingman loses sight of lead due to inadvertent IMC?

A

“blind”

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30
Q

If the wingman loses sight of lead during IMC conditions in a climb or descent, what must wing do?

A
  • Level off

- Coordinate altitude separation from the lead

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31
Q

If wingman loses sight of lead during IMC conditions in straight an level flight, what must wing do?

A
  • Wing shall take a 30 degree cut away from lead’s heading

- Coordinate altitude separation from the lead

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32
Q

If wingman loses sight of lead during IMC conditions in a turn away from the wingman, what does wing do?

A
  • Level the wings

- Coordinate altitude separation from the lead

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33
Q

If wingman loses sight of lead during IMC condition in a turn into the wingman, what does wing do?

A
  • Lead shall level the wings
  • Wingman continues the turn to 30 degrees past the heading
  • Coordinate altitude separation from the lead
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34
Q

During lost sight, what must be confirmed over the radio?

A
  • Altitude
  • Heading separation
  • Instructions to rejoin
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35
Q

If wing loses sight of lead, what is lead responsible for?

A
  • Remaining predictable

- Calling base heading and altitude after initial separation

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36
Q

If the NORDO aircraft has lost sight of lead, what does the NORDO aircraft do?

A
  • Attempt to get VMC

- Proceed to the lost communications/lost sight rendezvous point (or as briefed)

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37
Q

What is the procedure if a mid-air collision has occured?

A
  • Aircraft will maintain visual separation from other aircraft
  • Altitude and heading separation will be coordinated on the radio
  • Involved aircraft will not rejoin the flight
  • Aircraft shall perform controllability checks per NATOPS
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38
Q

What are the two types of lead?

A
  • Flight lead

- Formation lead

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39
Q

What are the responsibilities of the flight lead?

A
  • Conduct safe and orderly flight

- May fly as either lead or wingman

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40
Q

What are the responsibilities of the formation lead?

A
  • Immediate conduct of flight
  • Staying clear of traffic
  • Weather avoidance
  • Remaining within the briefed operation area
  • Performing smooth/consistent changes in power and heading
  • Being considerate of wingman
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41
Q

What are the responsibilities of wing?

A
  • Maintain position off the lead
  • Knowing procedures for the mission
  • Maintain situational awareness
  • Be prepared to assume lead at any time
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42
Q

What are the keys to successful formation flying?

A
  • Relax
  • Keep the aircraft trimmed
  • Scan the lead’s entire aircraft
  • 3 point power corrections
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43
Q

What controls nose-to-tail distance?

A

Power

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44
Q

What controls stepdown?

A

Pitch

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45
Q

What controls wingtip seperation?

A

AOB control

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46
Q

If lead turns into your position, what power correction is required?

A

Reduce power

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47
Q

If lead turns away from your position, what power correction is required?

A

Increase power

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48
Q

If you are in doubt of the correct frequency in use, what can you request over the TAC frequency?

A

“Get well”

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49
Q

In marshal, where should the wing park?

A

On the side of lead that prevents lead from sweeping his wingman with the tailpipe

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50
Q

What is the purpose of the 150’ nose-to-tail separation during taxi?

A
  • In case there is any FOD

- In case of possible brake failure

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51
Q

What is the distance between each blue taxiway light?

A

50 yards or 150 ft (far taxi distance)

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52
Q

If the taxiway is in poor condition or there is a high potential for FOD, how should the formation taxi?

A
  • On centerline

- 300’ nose-to-tail separtation

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53
Q

Which side of the runway does lead taxi onto?

A
  • Left side if there is no wind

- Downwind side if there is wind

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54
Q

What is the visual checklist when preparing to takeoff?

A
  • Fluid pooling beneath aircraft? (No)
  • Tires properly inflated? (Yes)
  • Nosewheel straight? (Yes)
  • Launch bar up? (Yes)
  • Safety pins out? (Yes)
  • Flaps/slats set properly? (Yes)
  • Doors and panels secure? (Yes)
  • Stabilator? (Yes)
  • Boarding steps stowed? (Yes)
  • Canopy down? (Yes)
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55
Q

What is the interval for an interval takeoff?

A

7 seconds

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56
Q

What is the purpose of an interval takeoff?

A
  • Allows for aircraft separation during the roll
  • Prevents dual high speed abort situation
  • Allows for the wingman to safely abort behind the lead aircraft and stop prior to the long field arresting gear
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57
Q

If wing aborts during an interval takeoff, when may wing take runway centerline?

A

Once lead is safely airborne

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58
Q

When may a sympathetic abort be executed?

A

Any time the lead aircraft aborts and the wingman is able to safely abort behind him

59
Q

What is the max airspeed for a sympathetic abort?

A
  • 100 KIAS

- Wingman will takeoff if the airspeed is greater than 100

60
Q

If lead aborts, when can lead take the long field arresting gear?

A

Only when wing verbally clears lead to do so. Otherwise lead will have to pass up the gear

61
Q

What are the advantages of a section takeoff?

A
  • If a flight has to join up quickly after takeoff
  • If poor weather conditions prevail
  • Hostile encounter is expected, section takeoff provides mutual support
62
Q

When are section takeoffs not authorized?

A
  • Wet runway
  • Max crosswind exceeds SOP/NATOPS
  • Minimum runway dimensions are not met
  • Aircraft have different external configuration
63
Q

During a section takeoff, when does the flight simultaneously release brakes?

A

Lead’s arm drops below the canopy

64
Q

If wing wants lead to increase power during a section takeoff, what should wing transmit?

A

“[Lead call sign], power”

65
Q

If wing wants lead to decrease power during a section takeoff, what should wing transmit?

A

“[Lead call sign]. give me a couple”

66
Q

During a section takeoff, what is the signal to retract gear and flaps/slats?

A
  • Lead will nod his head forward, then sharply back
  • Once lead’s head touches the headrest, both pilots raise gear and flaps
  • Wing must acknowledge both aircraft are gear/flaps/slats up
67
Q

Why is an early liftoff during a section takeoff less than ideal?

A
  • Low altitude
  • Step up on lead
  • Difficulty in keeping sight
68
Q

During a section takeoff, if wing has an early liftoff, what should wing do?

A
  • Stabilize bearing
  • Maintain separation
  • Relax back stick pressure to reduce rate of climb (do not descend)
69
Q

What are the three types of rendezvous’ on departure?

A
  • Running rendezvous
  • CV rendezvous
  • TACAN rendezvous
70
Q

During a CV rendezvous, what is the maximum amount of closure when within 1,000’?

A

10 kts

71
Q

How do throttle movements in a climb effect closure?

A
  • Throttle decreases-large effect on closure

- Throttle increases-small effect on closure

72
Q

During a CV rendezvous, when does wing begin the joinup?

A

100ft or 3 wingspans away

73
Q

What is the purpose of a running rendezvous?

A

Join a flight while proceeding on course

74
Q

How is closure indicated in a running rendezvous?

A

Lead’s movement across the canopy

75
Q

Why is it dangerous to do a running rendezvous directly behind an aircraft?

A

Closure is difficult to see

76
Q

During the running rendezvous, how much abeam distance must you maintain?

A
  • 250-300’ (8-10 wingspans)

- Lead will be just outside the HUD

77
Q

What is the maximum amount of closure during a running rendezvous?

A

50 kts

78
Q

During the running rendezvous, what should wing maintain to avoid getting to close to lead?

A

Assigned heading after initial abeam distance is established

79
Q

During the running rendezvous, what should the movement of lead be at 2,000’?

A

Lead will begin to move aft of the canopy from the 11/1 o’clock position

80
Q

During the running rendezvous, what is the maximum amount of closure at the 1,000’ mark?

A

25 kts

81
Q

When wing arrives on bearing line during a running rendezvous, what is the maximum amount of closure?

A

15 kts

82
Q

During a running rendezvous, when can wing traverse to the parade position?

A

Once stabilized on bearing line

83
Q

What is the normal direction for a TACAN rendezvous?

A

Left-hand turns

84
Q

At what altitude will wing be at during a TACAN rendezvous?

A

500’ below lead

85
Q

When can wing ascend to lead’s altitude during a TACAN rendezvous?

A
  • Established on bearing line

- With relative fuselage alignment

86
Q

What is relative fuselage alignment?

A

Lead’s aircraft is just above the side canopy rail and just aft of the canopy bow

87
Q

When wing sees lead during the TACAN rendezvous and knows he will not go out of sight, what does wing call?

A

“Visual”

88
Q

What is the post?

A

Center of the TACAN rendezvous circle

89
Q

What is the purpose of maneuvering the aircraft to the 10/2 position during the TACAN rendezvous?

A
  • Close the distance to lead

- Work off angles to align the fuselage

90
Q

What are the advantages to the parade formation?

A
  • Provides good visual communication between aircraft

- Presents professional military appearance

91
Q

What are the disadvantages to the parade formation?

A
  • The formation is less maneuverable
  • The wingman is constantly adjusting power resulting in fatigue and higher fuel consumption
  • Restricts wingman’s lookout doctrine
92
Q

How much stepdown must wing maintain in the parade position?

A

5’

93
Q

How much lateral separation must wing maintain in the parade position?

A

3’

94
Q

What are the indications that wing is in the parade position?

A
  • You can see down the leading edge of lead’s wing
  • Estimating stepdown be seeing equal portions of the top and bottom of wing
  • Aligning leading corner of stabilator tip cap with exposed portion of exhaust nozzle
95
Q

How do you know that you have appropriate wingtip separation in the parade position?

A

the leading corner of the stabilator cap is aligned with the exposed portion of exhaust nozzle

96
Q

How do you maintain wingtip separation in the parade position?

A

AOB

97
Q

How do you control step down in the parade position?

A

Pitch

98
Q

How do you maintain the 30-degree bearing line in the parade position?

A

Power

99
Q

During a turn into the wing, what happens if the power is not reduced?

A

Wing will get acute

100
Q

During a turn away from the wing, what happens if the power is not increased?

A

Wing will get sucked

101
Q

In a tun into the wing, about what axis does wing turn?

A

Lead’s longitudinal axis

102
Q

In a VFR parade turn away from wing, about what axis does wing turn?

A

Wing’s own longitudinal axis

103
Q

What is the visual checkpoint for a VFR parade turn away from wing?

A

Triangle with lead’s center canopy bow, canopy rail, and leading edge of wing

104
Q

In a IFR parade turn away from wing, about what axis does wing turn?

A

Lead’s longitudinal axis

105
Q

How is the VFR parade turn away power addition different from the IFR parade turn away power addition?

A

IFR parade turn away requires a larger power increase

106
Q

How much nose-to-tail separation do you want for the crossunder?

A

10’

107
Q

How much vertical separation do you want for the crossunder?

A

15’

108
Q

What is a good visual cue that you have enough nose-to-tail separation in the crossunder?

A

Move back until you see the leading edge of the horizontal stabilator

109
Q

What is a good visual cue that you have enough vertical separation for the crossunder?

A

Place the front portion of the MDC cord on the underside of lead’s intake

110
Q

What is the interval to break for the break up an rendezvous?

A

2 seconds

111
Q

During the initial breakup in the breakup and rendezvous, how much separation do you maintain?

A

1,000’ or 0.2 on the TACAN A/A

112
Q

To increase nose-to-tail distance during the breakup of a B/R, what do you do?

A

Place nose in front of lead (lead pursuit)

113
Q

To decrease nose-to-tail distance during the breakup of a B/R, what do you do?

A

Place nose behind lead (lag pursuit)

114
Q

If the wing rolled out too close or too far during the break portion of the B/R, should wing adjust power to maintain a 1,000’ trail?

A
  • No

- Focus on maintaining airspeed

115
Q

Why should wing initially roll out stepped up on lead during the B/R?

A

To avoid jetwash

116
Q

How much initial step up do you want during the B/R?

A

20’-40’

117
Q

During the rendezvous portion of the B/R, how much closure should wing establish initially?

A

10 kts (or less)

118
Q

How does wing maintain altitude during the rendezvous portion of the B/R?

A
  • Place lead on the horizon

- If the horizon is not defined, look at HUD altimeter to match lead’s altitude

119
Q

How is bearing line achieved during the rendezvous portion of the B/R?

A

When the front tip of the vertical stabilizer meets and covers the lead’s outside wingtip

120
Q

To avoid getting acute when initially heading out to bearing line on the B/R, what should wing do?

A
  • Anticipate bearing line by shallowing AOB and reducing power to stop the aircraft
  • Begin when the vertical stabilizer is halfway up lead’s outside wing
121
Q

What is the visual reference that wing is acute during the B/R?

A

Lead’s outboard wingtip is forward of the vertical stabilizer

122
Q

What is the visual reference that wing is sucked during the B/R?

A

The lead’s wingtip will appear behind the vertical stabilizer

123
Q

What does it mean when lead’s aircraft is sliding aft of the canopy during the B/R?

A
  • Wing is getting acute

- Decrease angle of bank and reduce power

124
Q

What does it mean when lead’s aircraft is sliding forward of the canopy during the B/R?

A
  • Wing is getting sucked

- Increase angle of bank and add power

125
Q

What is the max closure rate during the B/R?

A

10 kts

126
Q

When will wing begin the join-up during the B/R?

A

100’ away or 3 wingspans (The VT-# sign is visible)

127
Q

How much stepdown will wing establish during the join-up of the B/R?

A

15’

128
Q

When conducting the join up, during the B/R, how do throttle movements affect the closure rate?

A
  • Any small throttle movements will produce an immediate effect on closure rate
  • Keep power at rendezvous airspeed
129
Q

What happens when wing leaves the bearing line too soon during the B/R join-up?

A

Wing will have too much nose-to-tail separation

130
Q

What situations dictate an underrun?

A
  • Uncontrolled closure near or in the join-up phase of the rendezvous
  • Wingman is extremely acute and unable to return safely to proper bearing prior to join-up
131
Q

What are the underrun procedures?

A

Lower, level, idle, boards, pass below and behind, and up to the perch. Transmit when able

132
Q

How much vertical separation do you want to maintain when up on the perch for the underrun?

A

200’

133
Q

After an underrun, what does wing do when cleared to rejoin the flight?

A
  • Move below and behind lead to the 30 degree rendezvous bearing on inside of turn
  • Execute join-up
134
Q

During a lead change, how much lateral separation will the new wingman initially establish?

A

10’ of wingtip clearance

135
Q

During a lead change, how much step down will the new wingman establish after proper vertical separation has been established?

A

5’

136
Q

What is the break interval?

A

4 seconds

137
Q

If lead inadvertently enters IFR, what will the flight do?

A
  • Wing will maintain proper parade position
  • Lead will determine the best way to exit the cloud
  • Lead may need to reverse his heading in a shallow turn
138
Q

What is the first consideration in a midair collision?

A

Regain control

139
Q

If a midair collision has occurred, what do you do if the aircraft is out of control?

A

Follow NATOPS ejection criteria

140
Q

If a midair collision has occurred, what do you do if the aircraft is controllable?

A
  • Slow flight the aircraft at altitude following NATOPS procedures
  • Make shallow turns in both directions to determine landing characteristics
  • Damaged aircraft must decide if a safe landing can be made
  • Return home or nearest suitable field
  • Inform controlling agency
141
Q

What is the hierarchy for who coordinates a Search and Rescue?

A
  • Senior instructor in the flight
  • Any instructor in the area with both the crash scene and remaining members of the flight in sight
  • The senior student in the flight
  • Any airborne, winged aviator identifying himself as senior
142
Q

What will the on-scene commander report on guard/do?

A
  • “Mayday, Mayday, Mayday [call sign]”
  • Position (TACAN and geographical)
  • Explain emergency and request assistance
  • Use on-scene commander checklist in in-flight guide
143
Q

When will the on-scene commander return to base?

A

Whenever BINGO fuel has been reached

T-45 (11 decks)

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