Formation of Digestive System

Question 1

Where is the foregut?

Answer 1

Caudal to pharyngeal gut as far as liver bud level of duodenum

Question 2

Where is the midgut?

Answer 2

From liver bud as far as 2/3 length of colon

Question 3

Where is the hind gut?

Answer 3

Last 1/3 of colon to cloacal membrane

Question 4

When does body wall closure occur?

Answer 4

Week 4

Question 5

What are the 2 types of abdominal viscera?

Answer 5

Intraperitoneal

Retroperitoneal

Question 6

Name retroperitoneal structures

Answer 6

Kidneys and ureters

Question 7

What gives rise to myenteric nerve plexus?

Answer 7

Neural crest cells

Question 8

What induces expression of HOX genes in mesoderm?

Answer 8

SHH

Question 9

What does HOX genes instruct endoderm to do?

Answer 9

Differentiate

Question 10

When does the stomach arise?

Answer 10

Appears as dilation of foregut on 4th week (rotates 90 degrees clockwise)

Question 11

What forms the duodenum?

Answer 11

Terminal part of foregut and cephalic part of midgut

Question 12

From where does the liver arise?

Answer 12

Endodermal outgrowth of foregut

Question 13

What does the caudal limb of the midgut give rise to?

Answer 13

Ileum
Cecum
Appendix
Colon

Question 14

What does the cephalic limb of the midgut give rise to?

Answer 14

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

Question 15

When does physiological umbilical herniation occur?

Answer 15

Weeks 6-10

Question 16

What comprises the hindgut?

Answer 16

Last 1/3 of transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum
Upper part of anal canal